Chapter 2 questions Flashcards
Which does not increase the likelihood that the observed difference between two means will be statistically significant
a larger standard deviation
Facilitated communication provides an illustration of _____ effects.
observer expectancy
in an experiment the independent variable is the one that the researcher____
systematically alters
Alumini of university are sent a survey asking about college experience what method is it____
self report
Rainy day Andrea distributes a questionare what does keeping people uniformed about the hypothesis is what
Blind
50 dating couples, one timed, in a room on campus, controlled environment is called____
laboratory
Stanford university researchers with a results being less than 5% probability is what
statistically significant
If Karen wanted to use one number to represent the typical scene in her date she would use___
measures of central tendency
A procedure that measures or predicts what is supposed to measure is described as ____
valid
A correlation coefficient of -.90 would indicate a ___ correlation
Strong
Dr. Jacobs asked her students to do a field study whats the right study
Watched a nest of birds
Ideally, scientists try to disprove their own hypotheses and those of others. In other words, they:
Practice skeptiscism
Dr Reese conducts an experiment with 3 individuals with 3 drugs what type of experiment
within subject
If one is studying a sample that is not representative of the population one intends to study, one has a _____ sample.
Biased
To determine whether college men or women are better at math problems, a researcher took 15 women from a high level math class and 15 men at from the library what was the criticism of the study
Samples were biased
A psychologist conducts structured interviews with infertile couples who have given up on in vitro fertilization. The interviews are conducted in the couples’ homes. What type of study is this, and what is the method of data collection?
laboratory study; self-report method.
A shorter person usually weighs less than a taller person. Which correlation coefficient between height and weight
+.80
A measure is reliable if it:
yields similar results each time it is used.
What type of statistics helps to summarize sets of data?
descriptive statistics.
The greater the average difference between each score and the mean, the greater the:
standard deviation.
The mean and the median are both:
measures of the central tendency of a set of numbers.
an online poll is conducted considering that not everyone has access what does it illustrate
samble bias
A study shows that as the number of churches in a town increases, the rate of crime also increases.
They are correlational. The two variables might be caused by a third variable.
Michelle has noticed a trend of children with ADHD having higher intelligence and wants to run a study to demonstrate this trend. Which type of study should Michelle conduct?
correlational study.
Which coefficient would indicate the strongest correlation theoretically possible?
–1.00
Pfungst revealed the real basis for Clever Hans’s performance by identifying the circumstances under which Hans could and could not respond correctly to questions.
observation under controlled conditions.
A test of mathematical ability is said to be _____ if it truly measures mathematical ability and _____ if it gives approximately the same results each time a person takes it.
valid; reliable.
Judy listens to pop music and relates it with violence what does the relationship say?
listening to pop music doesn’t cause teens to engage in violent behavior
p < .05
statistically significant
Which correlation coefficient would indicate the weakest correlation?
0.00
A researcher could be MOST confident that the research hypothesis was correct if there were _____ than a _____ percent
less than 5%
When running a study, it is important for the experimenters to not convey their beliefs and expectations to the participants because the participants may:
observe them and act accordingly.
She then looked for a relationship between the children’s behavior and their parents’ style of discipline. This type of research design is a(n):
correlational study
As a technical term, bias refers to:
nonrandom effects caused by extraneous factors.
In an experiment, the dependent variable is the one that the researcher:
measures
what is the main purpose of an ethics panel
protect participants from harmful or otherwise unethical procedures
Jonathan has spent the last 3 years observing the mating patterns of blue-footed boobies in Peru. He is MOST likely conducting a(n) _____ study.
descriptive.
a rumor is started that the experiment is designed to assess racist attitudes. During the experiment, these participants avoid portraying any racist attitudes. If the rumor is true, the results obtained from this group of participants will be:
Biased
The psychologist tends to nod slightly at male interviewees when they express approval of specific violent behaviors, but not at female interviewees who do the same. The results of the study reflect a(n) _____ effect.
observer expectancy
Arzu study of childhood experiences and mental illness is what study?
correlational
Bill finds that he has a very large standard deviation and he concludes that the scores in his data set are:
very different from one another.
Hamadi conducts a scientific procedure in which he stages an incident and counts the number of people who aid the “victim.” This design is a(n) _____, and the _____ method is used to collect the data.
experiment observational
correlational coefficient of -1.25 whats wrong with it?
The correlation coefficient calculated is incorrect
Low reliability of a measurement procedure is a source of:
error
Who besides Hans’s owner was convinced of the horse’s intellectual abilities?
many scientists
Which statement is NOT a component of determining statistical significance?
data collection methods
Which statement is FALSE regarding the advantages of a laboratory study?
subjects tend to behave normally
A survey investigating public opinion regarding drug abuse and addiction in the United States is carried out by telephone with calls made Monday–Friday between 9 A.M. and 5 P.M. This study is flawed, due to:
biased sampling
lack of validity in a measurement procedure can lead to
bias
Alex wants to run a psychological study what statement should he not take into consideration
getting consent after
nonrandom effects caused by factors outside of the research hypothesis are what
bias
central tendency is to variability as ___ to ____
median, standard deviation
Brennan notices the subjects improve the behavior because they know they’re being watched, what phenomenon is this
Hawthorne effect
