Chapter 8- Organic compounds Flashcards
what is biomass
an alternative to crude oil
what is plant sourced biomass
refers to carbon-based material that has come front plants
what is the formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
what is the bonding in alkanes
all single bonds
what are structural isomers
when molecules have the same molecular formula but have different arrangements of atoms
what are the chemical properties of alkanes
relatively unreactive
can be used as fuel
what are the prefixes for different numbers of carbons in an organic compound
1- meth
2- eth
3- prop
4- but
5- pent
6- hex
7- hept
8- oct
9- non
10- dec
what is the bonding in alkenes
at least one double bond in the chain
what is the formula for alkenes
CnH2n
are alkenes saturated
no they are unsaturated hydrocarbons
what are physical properties of alkenes
non-polar
can undergo complete combustion
can take part is addition reactions
what are alkynes
contains a triple bond in the chain
what is the formula for alkynes
CnH2n-2
what does saturated mean in terms of organic molecules
organic molecule has as may hydrogens as possible bonded to the carbon backbone (no double or triple bonds)
what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon
contains at least one double or triple carbon-carbon bond
what is a halogenated hydrocarbon
contain a halogen functional group (F, Cl, Br, I)
what are properties and uses of haloalkanes
mostly polar
length of carbon chain decreases solubility
what are chemical properties of haloalkanes
polarity of carbon0halogen bond affects the chemical reactivity of the haloalkane
this makes them significantly more reactive than alkanes
what functional group do alcohols contain
OH
what do alcohols names end with
-ol
What is the formula for alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
what functional group do carboxylic acids contain
COOH
what do carboxylic acids name end with
-oic acid
what is the list of priority for mixed functiona groups
1- carboxylic acid
2- alcohol
3- alkyl
what functional group do esters contain
a COO-R functional group
what is the name for esters
-yl -anoate
what is an esterification reaction
a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol produces an ester molecule and a molecule of water
