chap 4 key terms Flashcards
alkali metal
o Alkali metal- A group 1 metal.
alloy
o Alloy- A substance formed when other materials are mixed with a metal.
cation
o Cation- A positively charged ion.
circular economy
o Circular economy- an economy based on a model of production and consumption that aims to design out waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use, and regenerate natural systems.
coke
o Coke- a solid that contains 80-90% carbon, it is produced by strongly heating coal in the absence of air.
conductor
o Conductor- An object or type of material that permits the flow of electrical charges.
crystal
o Crystal- A solid made up of atoms or molecules arranged in a repeating 3D pattern.
delocalise
spread out
delocalised electron
o Delocalised electron- an electron that isn’t restricted to the region between 2 atoms.
density
o Density- a measure of the amount of ass per unit volume.
ductile
o Ductile- Able to be drawn into a wire.
e-waste
o e-waste- electronic waste.
effective nuclear charge
o effective nuclear charge- the net positive charge experienced by an electron in an outer shell of an atom. It indicates the attractive force felt by the valence electrons towards the nucleus.
electrolysis
o electrolysis- The production of a reaction by the passage of electrical energy from power supply through a conducting liquid.
ferrous
o ferrous- A material containing iron.
in-situ leaching
o in-situ leaching- also known as solution mining. The process involves leaving the ore where it is in the ground, and recovering the minerals from it by dissolving them and pumping the solution to the surface where the minerals can be recovered.
inert
not chemically reactive
ionisation energy
o ionisation energy- the energy required to remove one electron from an atom of an element in the gas phase.
lattice
o lattice- a regular arrangement of large numbers of atoms, ions or molecules.
linear economy
o linear economy- an economy in which raw materials are used to make a product, and after its use the product is thrown away.
lustrous
o lustrous- having the quality of reflecting light in a glossy and shiny way.
malleable
o malleable- able to be bent or beaten into sheets.
metallic bonding
o metallic bonding- the electrostatic attractive forces between delocalised valence electrons and positively charged metal ions.
metallic bonding model
o metallic bonding model- a model that explains the properties and behaviour of metals in terms of the particles in metals.
mineral
o mineral- a naturally occurring inorganic substance that is solid and can be represented by a chemical formula. E.g. quartz
molten
o molten- materials that are normally found as solids but are liquid, melted, due to elevated temperature.
non-ferrous
o non-ferrous- a metal other than iron or steel.
ore
o ore- a mineral or aggregate of minerals that contains a valuable constituent, such as a metal which is mined or extracted.
reactivity
o reactivity- the ease with which a chemical can undergo reactions.
reactivity series of metals
o reactivity series of metals- a ranking of metals in increasing order of their reactivity, with the half-equations written as reduction equations of the corresponding ion. Least reactive metals are at the top and most reactive metals are at the bottom.
tensile strength
o tensile strength- the maximum resistance of material to a force which is pulling it apart before breaking, measured as the maximum stress the material can withstand without tearing.
transition metal
o transition metal- an element in groups 3-12 of the periodic table.
