chap 11 key terms Flashcards
accuracy
Accuracy- The value of a measurement is considered to be accurate if its judged to be close to the true value of the quantity being measured.
acid
Acid- a substance capable of donating a hydrogen ion (proton).
acid-base reaction
Acid-base reaction- A reaction in which one substance, an acid, donates a hydrogen ion (proton) to another substance, a base.
acidic proton
Acidic proton- A proton bonded to an electronegative element (oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine) that’s donated to a base during an acid-base reaction.
acidic solution
Acidic solution- An aqueous solution in which the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) is greater than the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-). At 25OC, pH < 7.
acidity
Acidity- The concentration of H3O+ ions in an aqueous solution. Acidity is measured using the pH scale.
alkali
Alkali- A soluble base or solution of a soluble base.
amphiprotic
Amphiprotic- The ability to act as an acid (proton donor) and also as a base (proton acceptor).
antacids
Antacids- Substances that neutralise stomach acidity. They are often soluble metal hydroxides or carbonates or a mixture of both.
base
Base- A substance capable of accepting a hydrogen ion (proton).
basic solution
Basic solution- An aqueous solution in which [H3O+] < [OH-]. For a basic solution at 25OC, pH > 7.
bronsted-lowry theory
Bronsted-Lowry theory- A theory that defines an acid as a proton (hydrogen ion) donor and a base as a proton acceptor. In the reaction HCl(g) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq), HCl is the proton donor and is classified as an acid. H2O is a proton acceptor and is classified as a base.
calcification
Calcification- The building of a deposit of insoluble calcium salts, mainly calcium carbonate. It occurs in the formation of bone and in the development of shells in marine organisms.
concentrated solution
Concentrated solution- A solution that has a relatively high ratio of solute to solvent.
concentration
Concentration- A measure of how much solute is dissolved in a specified volume of solution.
conjugate acid
Conjugate acid- The conjugate acid of a base contains one more hydrogen ion (proton) than the base, e.g. HCl is the conjugate acid of Cl-.
conjugate acid-base pair
Conjugate acid-base pair- An acid and its conjugate base. The conjugate base contains one less hydrogen ion (proton) than the acid.
conjugate base
Conjugate base- The conjugate base of an acid contains one less hydrogen ion (proton) than the acid, e.g. Cl- is the conjugate base of HCl.
decalcification
Decalcification- The removal or loss of calcium or calcium compounds.