chap 10 key terms

Question 1

Bore water

Answer 1

Bore water- Water collected in aquifers (underground water-bearing rock) below the earths surface. Bore water may be accessed by drilling and sinking a bore pipe into the aquifer.

Question 2

density

Answer 2

Density- A measure of the amount of mass per unit volume. It has the SI units of kg m-3, but is commonly quoted in g cm-3.

Question 3

desalinated seawater

Answer 3

fresh water made by removing the salt from seawater

Question 4

electrostatic attraction

Answer 4

Electrostatic attraction- The force of attraction between a positively charged particle and a negatively charged particle.

Question 5

heat capacity

Answer 5

Heat capacity- A measure of a substances capacity to absorb and store heat energy. The heat capacity of 1 g of water is 4.18 J OC-1. This tells you tat 1 g if water will absorb 4.18 J of heat energy to heat up by 1OC.

Question 6

hydride

Answer 6

a compound in which hydrogen is bonded to another element

Question 7

hydrogen bond

Answer 7

Hydrogen bond- A type of intermolecular, dipole-dipole force where a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom such as oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine. Due to the disparity of electronegativity values between the atoms involved, the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge and bonds to lone pairs of electrons on neighbouring atoms of oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine.

Question 8

intermolecular force

Answer 8

Intermolecular force- an electrostatic force of attraction between molecules, including dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonds and dispersion forces.

Question 9

latent heat

Answer 9

the heat energy required to change the state of a substance without changing the temp

Question 10

latent heat of fusion

Answer 10

Latent heat of fusion- The energy required to change a fixed amount of solid to liquid at its melting temp. The latent heat of fusion of water is 6.0kJ mol-1, meaning 6.0 kJ of energy is needed to change 1 mole of water from a solid to a liquid at 0OC.

Question 11

non-bonding pair

Answer 11

Non-bonding pair- Pair of electrons in the outer shell of an atom that aren’t part of a covalent bond.

Question 12

polar

Answer 12

Polar- Bonds or molecules with a permanent dipole. They have an uneven distribution of charge.

Question 13

potable water

Answer 13

water that is suitable for drinking

Question 14

recycled water

Answer 14

water recovered by the purification of wastewater

Question 15

specific heat capacity

Answer 15

Specific heat capacity- The amount of energy required to raise the temp of an amount of a substance, usually 1 gram, by 1OC. The unit for specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 g-1 O C-1.