chap 8 key terms Flashcards
addition reaction
Addition reaction- A reaction in which a molecule binds to an unsaturated hydrocarbon, forming a single carbon-carbon bond. In this process two reactant molecules form one product.
alcohol
Alcohol- An organic compounds containing the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group; its name ends in ‘-ol’.
alkane
Alkane- A saturated hydrocarbon; general formula CnH2n+2
alkene
Alkene- An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing one carbon-carbon double bond; general formula CnH2n
alkyl group
Alkyl group- A group obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane; general formula CnH2n+1, e.g. methyl (-CH3)
alkyl side chain (branch)
Alkyl side chain (branch)- also known as alkyl side group. Alkyl side chains have one less hydrogen atom than the corresponding alkane of the same name, so the general formula of an alkyl side chain is -CnH2n+1
bio-derived
Bio-derived- Material that is made from plant products.
bioethanol
Bioethanol- Ethanol that is made by fermenting the sugar and starch component of plants using yeast.
boiling point
Boiling point- The temp at which the state changed from liquid to gas.
carboxyl group
Carboxyl group- A functional group made up of a carbon atom, two oxygen atoms and a hydrogen atom. One oxygen atom forms a double bond to the carbon atom and the other oxygen atom forms single bonds to both the carbon and the hydrogen atoms. Written as -COOH in condensed structural formulas.
carboxylate ion
Carboxylate ion- A negative ion created by the loss of an H+ ion from a carboxylic acid.
carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid- An organic compounds containing the carboxyl (-COOH) functional group; its name ends in ‘-oic acid’.
chemical property
Chemical property- A property which can only be measured by reacting the substance chemically, i.e. with another substance, or by heating to decompose.
combustion
Combustion- A rapid reaction with oxygen accompanied by the release of large amounts of heat; also called burning.
complete combustion
Complete combustion- A hydrocarbon undergoes complete combustion with oxygen at high temps when the only products are carbon dioxide and water.
crude oil
Crude oil- A mixture of hydrocarbons that originates from the remains of prehistoric marine microorganisms. The organisms have been broken down by high temps and pressures over millions of years.
dimer
Dimer- A molecule composed of two identical subunits that may be molecules in their own right, joined by strong intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonds.
fractional distillation
Fractional distillation- A separation methods based on the different boiling points of the components of a mixture, such as crude oil. The fractioning tower contains a series of trays holding condensed liquid, which vapour rising up the tower must bubble through to provide better separation.