Chapter 8 Have a Heart Flashcards
abbreviation of cardiovascular system
CVS
cardiovascular system may be called the
circulatory system
pertaining to the heart and vessels
cardiovacular
combining form heart
cardi/o
the heart is located in the ____ cavity
thoracic
the heart lies in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs in a space called the
mediastinum
double walled membrane surrounding the heart
pericardium
external layer of heart
epicardium
middle layer of the heart
myocardium
inner layer of the heart
endocardium
the arteries that serve the heart are the
coronary arteries
blockage
occlusion
deficiency in blood flow to an area
ischemia
tissue death
necrosis
an area of necrosis due to ischemia
infarct
mammalian and avian hearts have ___ chambers
four
craniodorsal chambers of the heart
atria
singular form of atria
atrium
combining form atria
atri/o
caudoventral chambers of the heart are
ventricles
combining form ventricles
ventricul/o
the narrow tip of the heart
apex
blood flow through the heart is controlled by
valves
a membranous fold
valve
combining form valve
valv/o, valvul/o
valve controls the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle
right atrioventricular valve (AV valve)
the right AV valve may be called the
tricuspid valve
valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery and controls blood entering the lungs
pulmonary semilunar
means half-moon
semilunar
The ____ _____receives blood from all tissues except the lungs
right atrium
blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle via the _____ valve
tricuspid; right AV valve
the right ventricle pumps blood through the ________ valve and into the pulmonary artery which carries it to the lungs.
pulmonary semilunar
blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle via the _____ valve
mitral; left AV valve
From the left ventricle, blood goes through the ______ valve into the aorta.
aortic semilunar valve
blood is returned to the right atrium by the
vena cava
oxygenated blood is carried away from the heart to the body via the
aorta
the volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit time
cardiac output
rate and regularity of the heart rhythm
heartbeat
the __________ located in the wall of the right atrium establishes the basic rhythm of the heart.
Also called the pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial node
Electrical impulses start from the __________ start waves of contractions in the heart
SA node
True or False. Both atria contract simultaneously, forcing blood into the ventricles
True
Electrical impulses travel from the SA node to the
atrioventricular node (AV node)
the normal rhythm of the heart is called
sinus rhythm
Electrical impulses travel from the SA node to the AV node, into the ______ which causes ventricular contraction
Bundle of His
abnormal heart rhythm
arrhythmia; dysrythmia
the electrical activity of the heart can be recorded via
electrocardiography
contraction
systole
relaxation
diastole
without contraction or lack of heart activity
asystole
temporary suspension of respiration and circulation
syncope
abnormally slow heartbeat
bradycardia
abnormally fast heartbeat
tachycardia
rapid, random, ineffective heart contractions
fibrillation
the act of listening to the heart with a stethoscope
auscultation
when listening to the heart, one should hear
“lub-dub”
abnormal sound that is associated with turbulent blood flow
murmur
narrowing
stenosis
combining form vessel
vas/o; angi/o
opening in a vessel through which blood flows
lumen
narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel
vasoconstriction
widening of the lumen of a blood vessel
vasodilation
these blood vessels carry blood away from the heart
arteries
combining form artery
arteri/o
combining form aorta
aort/o
smaller branches of arteries
arterioles
single-cell-thick blood vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems
capillaries
T/F. Oxygen diffuses from the capillaries into body tissues and carbon dioxide diffuses from body tissues back into the capillaries
TRUE. The small diameter of capillaries causes blood to flow slower which allows for the diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and waste products.
tiny blood vessels that carry blood to veins
venules
vessels that return blood to the heart
veins
combining form vein
ven/o; phleb/o
within a vein
intravenous
within an artery
intra-arterial
the _____ veins drain the head and neck
jugular
the _____ drain the legs
femoral
the _____ drain the kidneys
renal
tension exerted by blood on the arterial walls
blood pressure
blood flow through tissues
perfusion
An indicator of perfusion is
capillary refill time (CRT)
CRT should be
< 2 sec
the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by blood pressure
pulse
blood pressure is measured by a
sphygmomanometer
combining form pulse
sphygm/o
combining form pressure
man/o
suffix meaning device
-meter
_____ pressure occurs when the ventricles contract
systolic
_____ pressure occurs when the ventricles relax
diastolic
combining form pressure/tension
tensi/o
high blood pressure
hypertension
low blood pressure
hypotension
process of evaluating the structure of the heart using sound waves
echocardiography
disease of blood vessel
angiopathy
heart enlargement
cardiomegaly
disease of heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
foreign object (air, clot) that is circulating in the blood
embolus
inflammation of the endocardium
endocarditis
collection of blood
hematoma
high levels of CO2 in the blood
hypercapnia
reduced levels of O2 in the blood
hypoxia
CO2
carbon dioxide
O2
oxygen
combing form blue
cyan/o
bluish tinge to the skin and mucous membranes
cyanosis
localized area of necrosis caused by an interrupted blood supply
infarct
deficiency in blood supply
ischemia
inflammation of a blood vessel
vasculitis
surgical repair of a blood vessel
angioplasty
control or stoppage of bleeding
hemostasis
