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VETT 1000 Veterinary Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 Have a Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Have a Heart Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abbreviation of cardiovascular system

A

CVS

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2
Q

cardiovascular system may be called the

A

circulatory system

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3
Q

pertaining to the heart and vessels

A

cardiovacular

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4
Q

combining form heart

A

cardi/o

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5
Q

the heart is located in the ____ cavity

A

thoracic

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6
Q

the heart lies in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs in a space called the

A

mediastinum

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7
Q

double walled membrane surrounding the heart

A

pericardium

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8
Q

external layer of heart

A

epicardium

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9
Q

middle layer of the heart

A

myocardium

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10
Q

inner layer of the heart

A

endocardium

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11
Q

the arteries that serve the heart are the

A

coronary arteries

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12
Q

blockage

A

occlusion

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13
Q

deficiency in blood flow to an area

A

ischemia

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14
Q

tissue death

A

necrosis

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15
Q

an area of necrosis due to ischemia

A

infarct

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16
Q

mammalian and avian hearts have ___ chambers

A

four

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17
Q

craniodorsal chambers of the heart

A

atria

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18
Q

singular form of atria

A

atrium

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19
Q

combining form atria

A

atri/o

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20
Q

caudoventral chambers of the heart are

A

ventricles

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21
Q

combining form ventricles

A

ventricul/o

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22
Q

the narrow tip of the heart

A

apex

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23
Q

blood flow through the heart is controlled by

A

valves

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24
Q

a membranous fold

A

valve

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25
Q

combining form valve

A

valv/o, valvul/o

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26
Q

valve controls the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

right atrioventricular valve (AV valve)

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27
Q

the right AV valve may be called the

A

tricuspid valve

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28
Q

valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery and controls blood entering the lungs

A

pulmonary semilunar

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29
Q

means half-moon

A

semilunar

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30
Q

The ____ _____receives blood from all tissues except the lungs

A

right atrium

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31
Q

blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle via the _____ valve

A

tricuspid; right AV valve

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32
Q

the right ventricle pumps blood through the ________ valve and into the pulmonary artery which carries it to the lungs.

A

pulmonary semilunar

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33
Q

blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle via the _____ valve

A

mitral; left AV valve

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34
Q

From the left ventricle, blood goes through the ______ valve into the aorta.

A

aortic semilunar valve

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35
Q

blood is returned to the right atrium by the

A

vena cava

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36
Q

oxygenated blood is carried away from the heart to the body via the

A

aorta

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37
Q

the volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit time

A

cardiac output

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38
Q

rate and regularity of the heart rhythm

A

heartbeat

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39
Q

the __________ located in the wall of the right atrium establishes the basic rhythm of the heart.

Also called the pacemaker of the heart

A

sinoatrial node

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40
Q

Electrical impulses start from the __________ start waves of contractions in the heart

A

SA node

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41
Q

True or False. Both atria contract simultaneously, forcing blood into the ventricles

A

True

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42
Q

Electrical impulses travel from the SA node to the

A

atrioventricular node (AV node)

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43
Q

the normal rhythm of the heart is called

A

sinus rhythm

44
Q

Electrical impulses travel from the SA node to the AV node, into the ______ which causes ventricular contraction

A

Bundle of His

45
Q

abnormal heart rhythm

A

arrhythmia; dysrythmia

46
Q

the electrical activity of the heart can be recorded via

A

electrocardiography

47
Q

contraction

A

systole

48
Q

relaxation

A

diastole

49
Q

without contraction or lack of heart activity

A

asystole

50
Q

temporary suspension of respiration and circulation

A

syncope

51
Q

abnormally slow heartbeat

A

bradycardia

52
Q

abnormally fast heartbeat

A

tachycardia

53
Q

rapid, random, ineffective heart contractions

A

fibrillation

54
Q

the act of listening to the heart with a stethoscope

A

auscultation

55
Q

when listening to the heart, one should hear

A

“lub-dub”

56
Q

abnormal sound that is associated with turbulent blood flow

A

murmur

57
Q

narrowing

A

stenosis

58
Q

combining form vessel

A

vas/o; angi/o

59
Q

opening in a vessel through which blood flows

A

lumen

60
Q

narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel

A

vasoconstriction

61
Q

widening of the lumen of a blood vessel

A

vasodilation

62
Q

these blood vessels carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

63
Q

combining form artery

A

arteri/o

64
Q

combining form aorta

A

aort/o

65
Q

smaller branches of arteries

A

arterioles

66
Q

single-cell-thick blood vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems

A

capillaries

67
Q

T/F. Oxygen diffuses from the capillaries into body tissues and carbon dioxide diffuses from body tissues back into the capillaries

A

TRUE. The small diameter of capillaries causes blood to flow slower which allows for the diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and waste products.

68
Q

tiny blood vessels that carry blood to veins

A

venules

69
Q

vessels that return blood to the heart

A

veins

70
Q

combining form vein

A

ven/o; phleb/o

71
Q

within a vein

A

intravenous

72
Q

within an artery

A

intra-arterial

73
Q

the _____ veins drain the head and neck

A

jugular

74
Q

the _____ drain the legs

A

femoral

75
Q

the _____ drain the kidneys

A

renal

76
Q

tension exerted by blood on the arterial walls

A

blood pressure

77
Q

blood flow through tissues

A

perfusion

78
Q

An indicator of perfusion is

A

capillary refill time (CRT)

79
Q

CRT should be

A

< 2 sec

80
Q

the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by blood pressure

A

pulse

81
Q

blood pressure is measured by a

A

sphygmomanometer

82
Q

combining form pulse

A

sphygm/o

83
Q

combining form pressure

A

man/o

84
Q

suffix meaning device

A

-meter

85
Q

_____ pressure occurs when the ventricles contract

A

systolic

86
Q

_____ pressure occurs when the ventricles relax

A

diastolic

87
Q

combining form pressure/tension

A

tensi/o

88
Q

high blood pressure

A

hypertension

89
Q

low blood pressure

A

hypotension

90
Q

process of evaluating the structure of the heart using sound waves

A

echocardiography

91
Q

disease of blood vessel

A

angiopathy

92
Q

heart enlargement

A

cardiomegaly

93
Q

disease of heart muscle

A

cardiomyopathy

94
Q

foreign object (air, clot) that is circulating in the blood

A

embolus

95
Q

inflammation of the endocardium

A

endocarditis

96
Q

collection of blood

A

hematoma

97
Q

high levels of CO2 in the blood

A

hypercapnia

98
Q

reduced levels of O2 in the blood

A

hypoxia

99
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide

100
Q

O2

A

oxygen

101
Q

combing form blue

A

cyan/o

102
Q

bluish tinge to the skin and mucous membranes

A

cyanosis

103
Q

localized area of necrosis caused by an interrupted blood supply

A

infarct

104
Q

deficiency in blood supply

A

ischemia

105
Q

inflammation of a blood vessel

A

vasculitis

106
Q

surgical repair of a blood vessel

A

angioplasty

107
Q

control or stoppage of bleeding

A

hemostasis

VETT 1000 Veterinary Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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