Chapter 2 Where, Why, and What? Flashcards
refers to the belly underside
ventral
combining form belly
ventr/o
refers to the back
dorsal
combining form back
dors/o
toward the head
cranial
combining form skull
crani/o
toward the tail
caudal
rear of the body
posterior
front of the body
anterior
toward the nose
rostral
pertaining to the head
cephalic
toward the midline
medial
away from midline
lateral
nearest the point of origin
proximal
farthest the point of origin
distal
near the surface
superficial
away from the surface
deep
caudal surface of the front paw
palmar
caudal surface of the rear paw
plantar
plane that divides body into equal right and left halves
midsagittal plane
plane that divides the body into unequal right and left halves
sagittal plane
plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts
dorsal plane
plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts
transverse plane
suffix: study of
-logy
the study of body structure
anatomy
the study of the nature, causes and development of abnormal conditions/diseases
pathology
the study of the cause of disease
etiology
the study of the body functions
physiology
the surface of the tooth that faces the tongue (mandible)
lingual surface
the surface of the tooth that faces the tongue (maxilla)
palatal surface
the surface of the tooth that faces the cheek
buccal surface
the aspects of the teeth that meet when you chew
occlusal surface
the surface of the teeth that face the lips
labial surface
A body __________ is a hole or hollow space that contains and protects internal organs.
cavity
the hollow space that contains the brain in the skull
cranial cavity
the hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column
spinal cavity
the hollow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs
thoracic cavity
the hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity
abdominal cavity
the hollow space within the abdominal cavity between the patietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum
peritoneal cavity
the hollow space that contains reproductive and some excretory system organs
pelvic cavity
the portion of the body between the thorax and pelvis containing the abdominal cavity
abdomen
the chest region between the neck and diaphragm
thorax
lower region of abdomen adjacent to thigh
groin
the groin may be referred to as the ______ region
inguinal
the membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
peritoneum
inflammation of the peritoneum
peritonitis
the pit in the abdominal wall marking the point where umbilical cord entered the fetus
umbilicus
superficial to the peritoneum
retroperitoneal
medical term for lying down
recumbent
lying on the back
dorsal recumbency
lying on the belly
ventral recumbency
ventral recumbency may be referred to as
sternal recumbency
lying on the left side
left lateral recumbency
lying on the right side
right lateral recumbency
movement toward the midline
adduction
movement away from the midline
abduction
closure of a joint angle
flexion
increasing a joint angle
extension
the act of rotating the limb so that the palmar surface is turned upward
pronation
the act of rotating the limb so that the palamar surface is turned downward
supination
circular movement around an axis
rotation
combining form for cell
cyt/o
inherited disorder caused by defective genes
genetic disorder
a disorder or condition that is present at birth
congenital disorder
combining form for tissue
hist/o
Four types of tissue
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
prefix meaning above
epi-
______ tissue adds support and structure to the body by holding the organs in place
Connective
combining form for fat
adip/o
__________ tissue contains cell material with the specialized ability to contract and relax.
Muscle
________ tissue contains specialized cells to react and respond to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses.
Nervous
suffix used to describe formation, development, and growth of tissue and cell numbers.
-plasia
suffix: formation, development and increase is SIZE of tissue and cells
-trophy
decrease in size or complete wasting of organ or tissue or cell
atrophy
change in structure of cells and their orientation to each other
anaplasia
lack of development of organ or tissue or cell
aplasia
abnormal growth/development of organ, tissue or cell
dysplasia
abnormal increase in normal number of cells
hyperplasia
abnormal new growth of tissue in which the multiplication is unchecked
neoplasia
a distinct mass of neoplastic cells
tumor
a tumor that can spread to an adjacent site is said to be
malignant
increase in SIZE of an organ, tissue, or cell
hypertrophy
prefix: without
a-, an-
prefix: less than normal
hypo-
prefix: more than normal
hyper-
prefix: difficult, bad
dys-
prefix: new
neo-
specialized structures that secrete material elsewhere in the body
glands
groups of cells that secrete chemicals directly into the bloodstream
endocrine glands
groups of cells that secrete chemicals into ducts that leaf outside the body
exocrine glands
a part of the body that performs a special function
organ
prefix meaning one
uni-
pertaining to one side
unilateral
pertaining to 2 sides
bilateral
combining form: bones
oste/o
combining form: joint
arthr/o
combining form: cartilage
chondr/o
combining form: muscle
my/o
combining form: fascia
fasc/i, fasc/o
combining form: tendons
tend/o, tendin/o, ten/o
combining form: heart
cardi/o
combining form: arteries
arteri/o
combining form:veins
ven/o, phleb/o
combining form: blood
hem/o, hemat/o
combining form: lymph vessel
lymph/o
combining form: tonsils
tonsill/o
combining form: spleen
splen/o
combining form: thymus
thym/o
combining form: nose
nas/o, rhin/o
combining form: pharynx
pharyng/o
combining form: trachea
trache/o
combining form: larynx
laryng/o
combining form: lungs
pneum/o, pneumon/o
combining form: mouth
or/o, stomat/o
combining form: esophagus
esophag/o
combining form: stomach
gastr/o
combining form: small intestines
enter/o
combining form: large intestines
col/o, colon/o
combining form: liver
hepat/o
combining form: pancreas
pancreat/o
combining form: kidneys
ren/o, nephr/o
combining form: ureters
ureter/o
combining form: urethra
urethr/o
combining form: urinary bladder
cyst/o
combining form: nerves
neur/o, neur/i
combining form: brain
encephal/o
combining form: spinal cord
myel/o
combining form: eyes
opthalm/o, ocul/o, opt/o, opt/i,
combining form: sight
optic/o
combining form: ears
ot/o, aur/i, aur/o, audit/o, aud/i
combining form: sound
acous/o, acoust/o
combining form: skin
dermat/o, derm/o, cutane/o
combining form: adrenals
adren/o
combining form: gonads
gonad/o
combining form: pineal
pineal/o
combining form: pituitary
pituit/o
combining form: thyroid
thry/o, thyroid/o
combining form:testes
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, testicul/o
combining form: ovaries
ovari/o, oophor/o
combining form: uterus
hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i, uter/o, metri/o
prefix: 3
tri-
prefix: 4
quadri-, quadro-
prefix: 5
quint-, quinqu-
prefix: 6
sex-
prefix: 7
sept-, septi-
prefix: 8
octo-
prefix: 9
novem-, nonus-
prefix: 10
deca-, decem-
