Chapter 3 Meat and Bones Flashcards
prefix above
epi-
prefix surrounding
peri-
prefix between
dia-
combining form bone
oset/o
prefix beyond
meta-
prefix inner/within
endo-
suffix: structure
-um
growth
physis
wide end of a long bone
epiphysis
shaft of long bone
diaphysis
the end of a long bone nearest the body
proximal epiphysis
the end of a long bone farthest away from the body
distal epiphysis
tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of the bone
periosteum
tough, fibrous tissue that forms the lining of the medullary cavity
endosteum
bones consisting of shaft, two ends, and a marrow cavity
long bones
small bones embedded in a tendon
sesamoid bone
combining form: blood
hemat/o
suffix: pertaining to formation
-poietic
pertaining to the formation of blood
hematopoietic
the inner space of the bone is called the ______ cavity
medullary
a form of connective tissue that is more elastic than bone
cartilage
a type of cartilage that covers joint surfaces
articular
combining form cartilage
chondr/o
combining form joint
arthr/o
A _____________ is a joint where two bones join and are held together so firmly that they function as one bone.
symphysis
______ joints allow free movement.
Diarthroses
The hip joint is a _____________ joint.
Ball and Socket
Suffix: abnormal hardening
-sclerosis
suffix: abnormal softening
-malacia
a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone
ligament
combining form ligament
ligament/o
a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
tendon
combining form tendon
tend/o, ten/o, tendin/o
combining form for synovial membrane
synovi/o
The _______ skeleton is the framework of the body that includes the skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.
axial
The _________ skeleton is the framework of the body that includes the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle.
appendicular
combining form skull
crani/o
opening in bone through which tissue passes
foramen
the upper jaw
maxilla
the lower jaw
mandible
combining form vertebrae
vertebr/o, spondyl/o
the bones that form the backbone
vertebrae
dogs that have short, wide heads are called
brachycephalic
dogs that have narrow, long heads are called
doliocephalic
dogs that have average width to their heads are called
mesocephalic
the vertebrae are separated and cushioned from each other by cartilage discs called _____________ ___________.
intervertebral discs
The vertebra of the neck are called __________- vertebrae.
cervical
the first cervical vertebrae
atlas
the second cervical vertebrae
axis
the breastbone
sternum
the caudal portion of the sternum
xiphoid process
the shoulder blade
scapula
long bone of the proximal front limb
humerus
the ___ and ______ are the two bones of the distal front limb
radius and ulna
The __ bones are the irregularly shaped bones in the area known as the wrist in people.
carpal
the __________ are bones found distal to the carpus.
metacarpus
the _________ are the bones of the digit
phalanges
Digit I of dogs is commonly called the ________.
dewclaw
______ are animals with hooves.
Ungulates
combining form for claw
onych/o
The medical term for the surgical procedure of declawing is
onychectomy
The proximal long bone of the rear leg
femur
The ________ is the large socket of the pelvic bone
acetabulum
The____________ is a large sesamoid bone in the rear limb, often called the kneecap in humans.
patella
In animals, the knee joint is often referred to as the
stifle
In animals, the ankle joint is referred to as the
tarsus
surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid for analysi
arthrocentesis
visual examination of a joint using a fiberoptic scope
arthroscopy
study of internal body structures after exposure to ionizing radiation
radiology
suffix: pain
-algia, -dynia
pain of the joint
arthralgia, arthrodynia
inflammation of the joint
arthritis
inflammation of the bursa
bursitis
abnormal softening of the cartilage
chondromalacia
cartilage disease
chondropathy
inflammation of the intervertebral disc and vertebrae
discospondylitis
dislocation or displacement of a bone from its joint
luxation
bone pain
ostealgia
inflammation of the bone
osteitis
abnormal softening of the bone
osetomalacia
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone
periostitis
inflammation of the vertebrae
spondylitis
crackling sensation that is felt and heard when broken bones move together
crepitus
broken bone
fracture
removal of all or part of a body part
amputation
fusion of a joint
arthrodesis
combining form muscle
my/o
three muscle types
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
combining form for movement
kinesi/o
________ muscles are located on the chest
Pectoral
muscles located above the pelvic axis
epaxial
muscles located between the ribs
intercostal
Muscles may be named according to the direction of the muscle fibers. _____ means straight
rectus
Muscles may be named according to the direction of the muscle fibers. _____ means slanted.
oblique
Muscles may be named according to the direction of the muscle fibers. _____ means crosswise
transverse
Muscles may be named according to the direction of the muscle fibers. _____ means tight band
sphincter
Some muscles are named for the number of divisions they have. _______ generally have two divisions
biceps
Some muscles are named for the number of divisions they have. _______ generally have three divisions
triceps
Some muscles are named for the number of divisions they have. _______ generally have four divisions
Quadriceps
band of fibers that hold structures together in an abnormal way
adhesion
“wobbliness”
ataxia
protrusion of a body part through tissues that normally contain it
hernia
looseness
laxity
muscle weakness
myasthenia
abnormal condition or disease of a muscle
myopathy
inflammation of voluntary muscles
myositis
inflammation of the band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
tendinitis
muscle spasms or twitching
tetany
surgical removal of a muscle or part of a muscle
myectomy
surgical incision into a muscle
myotomy
common name for the tarsus
hock
the correct lvisorder of the vertebral segments
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacral
- coccygeal
the three parts of the pelvis
ileum, ischium, pubis
