Chapter 7 Null and Void Flashcards
The _______ system removes wastes from the body by constantly filtering the blood.
urinary
the major waste product of protein metabolism
urea
maintaining a stable internal environment with a proper balance of water, electrolytes and acid is called
homeostasis
combining form urine
urin/o, ur/o
what are the structures of the urinary system
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, 1 urethra
True/False: the kidneys are located within the abdominal cavity.
False. The kidneys are located retroperitoneally, which means they are located behind the lining of the abdominal cavity.
combining form kidney
ren/o, nephr/o
combining form kidney (latin)
ren/o
combining form kidney (greek)
nephr/o
____ is the combining form for kidney that is used as an adjective.
ren/o
____ is the combining form for kidney that is used to describe pathologic conditions and surgical conditions.
nephr/o
outer layer of the kidney
cortex
inner layer of kidney
medulla
functional unit of the kidney
nephron
cluster of capillaries in the kidney that filters blood
glomerulus
the nephron consists of:
glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule and a collecting duct
the area in the kidney where the nephrons collect before entering the ureters
renal pelvis
combining form renal pelvis
pyel/o
each kidney has a concave depression called the _____ that is the point of attachment of renal blood vessels, nerves and the ureter.
hilus
narrow pair of tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
ureters
combining form ureter
ureter/o
the ureters enter the urinary bladder at the ______
trigone
single hollow muscular organ that holds urine
urinary bladder
ringlike muscular structures that close a passageway
sphincter
act of excreting urine
urination, micturition, voiding
hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells
erythropoietin
hormone that regulates electrolyte balance by sodium retention
aldosterone
tube that extends from urinary bladder outside body
urethra
combining form urethra
urethr/o
the process of urine formation
uropoiesis
suffix: formation
-poiesis
medical term for cloudy
turbid
surgical puncture into the urinary bladder to collect urine
cystocentesis
visual examination of the urinary bladder using and endoscope
cystoscopy
examination of urine and its components
urinalysis
abbreviation of urinalysis
UA
a hollow tube that is inserted into a body cavity to inject or remove fluid
catheter
complete suppression of urine production
anuria
difficult urination
dysuria, stranguria
glucose in the urine
glucosuria
blood in urine
hematuria
scanty urine
oliguria
frequent urination
pollakiuria
excessive urination
polyuria
pus in urine
pyuria
ketones in the urine
ketonuria
excessive urination at night
nocturia
protein in the urine
proteinuria
presence of urea or nitrogenous waste in the blood
azotemia
inflammation of the urinary bladder
cystitis
inflammation of the kidney involving the glomerulus
glomerulonephritis
dilation of the renal pelvis as a result of an obstruction to urine flow
hydronephrosis
suffix: presence of stones
-lithiasis
presence of stones in the kidney
nephrolithiasis
urinary bladder stone
cystolith, urolith
kidney stone
nephrolith
abnormal softening of the kidney
nephromalacia
disease of the kidney
nephropathy
inability of the kidneys to function
renal failure
the elevated excretion of urine
diuresis
dilation of the ureter
ureterestasis
surgical fixation of the urinary bladder to the body wall
cystopexy
surgical incision into the urinary bladder
cystotomy
surgical removal of a kidney
nephrectomy
surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin
urethrostomy
abbreviation urinary tract infection
UTI
obstruction of blood flow to a kidney
renal infarction
retrograde means:
going backward
