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VETT 1000 Veterinary Medical Terminology > Chapter 17 Drugs, Diseases, and Dissection > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Drugs, Diseases, and Dissection Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

the study of nature, uses, and effects of drugs

A

pharmacology

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2
Q

a medication that may be purchased by prescription or from a licensed professional

A

prescription drug

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3
Q

a medication that may be purchased without a prescription

A

over-the-counter drug

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4
Q

a medication not protected by a brand name or trademark

A

generic drug

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5
Q

a generic drug is also known as a

A

nonproprietary drug

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6
Q

substance that produces effect by binding to an appropriate receptor

A

agonist

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7
Q

substance that inhibits a specific action by binding with a particular receptor instead of allowing the agonist to bind to the receptor

A

antagonist

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8
Q

serum containing specific antibodies extracted from a hyperimmunized animal or an animal that has been infected with the microorganisms containing antigen

A

antiserum

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9
Q

specific antiserum aimed at a poison that contains a concentration of antibodies extracted from the serum or plasma of a healthy animal

A

antitoxin

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10
Q

bacterial vaccine

A

bacterin

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11
Q

bound to and precipitated out of solution

A

chelated

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12
Q

recommendation not to use

A

contraindication

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13
Q

movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration of particles

A

diffusion

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14
Q

amount of medication based on units of weight of animal

A

dosage

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15
Q

time between administration of a drug (such as BID or QID)

A

dosage interval

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16
Q

amount of medication measured

A

dose

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17
Q

agent used to diagnose, prevent, or treat a disease

A

drug

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18
Q

extent to which the drug causes the intended effect; effectiveness

A

efficacy

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19
Q

originating from inside the body

A

endogenous

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20
Q

originating from outside the body

A

exogeneous

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21
Q

water-loving; ionized form

A

hydrophilic

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22
Q

excessive level of blood potassium

A

hyperkalemia

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23
Q

excessive level of blood sodium

A

hypernatremia

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24
Q

solution that has more particles than the solution its being compared to (the tonicity of solutions is usually compared to blood)

A

hypertonic

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25
Q

deficiency of blood potassium

A

hypokalemia

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26
Q

deficiency of blood sodium

A

hyponatremia

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27
Q

solution that has fewer particles than the solution that it’s being compared to

A

hypotonic solution

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28
Q

low circulating blood volume

A

hypovolemia

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29
Q

electrically charged

A

ionized

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30
Q

solution that has equal particles to the solution that it’s being compared to

A

isotonic solution

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31
Q

fat-loving; nonionizing form

A

lipophilic

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32
Q

vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin developed specifically for a single antigen or organism

A

monovalent

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33
Q

not charged electrically

A

nonionized

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34
Q

movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane along its concentration gradient

A

osmosis

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35
Q

physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action

A

pharmacodynamics

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36
Q

the impact of of genetic variation on drugs effects with hopes of achieving “personalized medicine”

A

pharmacogenomics

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37
Q

movement of drugs or chemicals; consists of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and elimination

A

pharmacokinetics

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38
Q

inactive substance that is used for its suggested effects or substances used as a control in an experimental setting

A

placebo

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39
Q

vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin that is active against multiple antigens or organisms; mixed vaccine

A

polyvalent

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40
Q

avoidance; also called prophylaxis

A

prevention

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41
Q

course of treatment

A

regimen

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42
Q

defree of fullness or rigidity caused by fluid content

A

turgor

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43
Q

product containing a disease-causing organism or antigen administered to stimulate the production of antibodies to fight infection

A

vaccine

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44
Q

vapors and gases taken in through the nose and mouth and absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs

A

inhalation

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45
Q

within the artery; abbreviated IA

A

intra-arterial

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46
Q

within the skin; abbreviated ID

A

intradermal

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47
Q

within the muscle; abbreviated IM

A

intramuscular

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48
Q

within the eye

A

intraocular

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49
Q

within the bone (medullary cavity of a long bone)

A

intraosseous

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50
Q

within the peritoneal cavity; abbreviated IP

A

intraperitoneal

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51
Q

within a sheath; injection of a substance through the spinal cord and into the subarachnoid space; thec/o means sheath; abbreviated IT

A

intrathecal

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52
Q

within the trachea or windpipe

A

intratracheal

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53
Q

within the vein; abbreviated IV

A

intravenous

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54
Q

process of making a fine mist; a method of drug administration

A

nebulization

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55
Q

administration via the GI tract

A

nonparenteral

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56
Q

by mouth; abbreviated PO

A

oral

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57
Q

through routes other than the GI tract

A

parenteral

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58
Q

through the skin

A

percutaneous

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59
Q

by rectum

A

rectal

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60
Q

under the skin or dermal layer; abbreviated SQ, SC, or subq

A

subcutaneous

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61
Q

under the tongue

A

sublingual

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62
Q

across the skin

A

transdermal

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63
Q

substance that relieves pain without affecting consciousness

A

analgesic

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64
Q

substance that produces lack of snesation

A

anesthetic

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65
Q

substance that neutralizes stomach acid

A

antacid

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66
Q

substance that works against intestinal worms

A

anthelmintic

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67
Q

substance that inhibits the growth of or kills bacteria

A

antibiotic

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68
Q

substance that inhibits clots formation

A

anticoagulant

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69
Q

substance that prevents seizures

A

anticonvulsant

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70
Q

substance that prevents vomiting

A

antiemetic

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71
Q

substance that treats neoplasms; usually used against malignancies

A

antineoplastic agent

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72
Q

substance that controls itching

A

antipuritic agent

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73
Q

substance that reduces fever

A

antipyretic

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74
Q

chemical agent that kills or prevents the growth of microorganisms on living tissue

A

antiseptic

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75
Q

substance that reduces coughing

A

antitussive

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76
Q

state without infection

A

asepsis

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77
Q

substance that changes heart rate

A

chronotrope

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78
Q

substance that kills or damages cells

A

cytotoxic agent

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79
Q

chemical agent that kills or prevents the growth of microorganisms on inanimate objects

A

disinfectant

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80
Q

substance that induces vomiting

A

emetic

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81
Q

agent that kills internal and external parasites

A

endectocide

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82
Q

substance that prevents or decreases the body’s reaction to invasion by disease or foreign material

A

immunosuppresent

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83
Q

substance affecting muscle contraction

A

inotrope

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84
Q

substance used to contract pupils

A

miotic agent

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85
Q

substance that breaks up mucus and reduces its viscosity

A

mucolytic

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86
Q

substance used to dilate the pupils

A

mydriatic agent

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87
Q

to destroy all organisms including bacterial endospores

A

steralize

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88
Q

apothecary unit of measure used for prescription vials

A

dram (one dram= 4ml)

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89
Q

the branch of science that treats diseases, injuries, and deformities by manual or operative methods

A

surgery

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90
Q

surgery method where change is made with an incision, such as setting a fracture; also known as closed

A

manipulative

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91
Q

involving the use of freezing to destroy tissue

A

cryogenic

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92
Q

involving the use of heat to destroy tissue

A

cauterizing

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93
Q

placed side to side

A

appositional

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94
Q

precautions taken to prevent contamination of a surgical wound

A

aseptic technique

95
Q

tearing away of a part

A

avulsion

96
Q

act of approximating

A

coaptation

97
Q

removal of material or growths from the surface of a cavity

A

curettage

98
Q

removal of foreign material and devitalized or contaminated tissue

A

debridement

99
Q

disruption or opening of the surgical wound

A

dehiscence

100
Q

separation or cutting apart

A

dissect

101
Q

removal of an organ in whole; usually used for the eyeball

A

enucleation

102
Q

healing by growth of the epithelium over an imcomplete surface

A

epithelialization

103
Q

turning outward

A

eversion

104
Q

removal or exposure of internal organs

A

eviscerate

105
Q

to surgically remove

A

excise

106
Q

to move an internal organ to the outside of the body

A

exteriorize

107
Q

perforation

A

fenestration

108
Q

mass of tissue for grafting in which part of the tissue still adheres to the body; used for repairing defects adjacent to the mass site

A

flap

109
Q

easily crumbled

A

friable

110
Q

destruction of living tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current

A

fulguration

111
Q

tissue or organ for transplantation or implanation

A

graft

112
Q

a graft from another individual of the same species

A

allograft

113
Q

a graft from the same individual

A

autograft

114
Q

a graft from genetically identical animals, such as twins or inbred strains

A

isograft

115
Q

overlapping of opposing surfaces to realign organs and provide extra support

A

imbrication

116
Q

material implanted or grafted into the body

A

implant

117
Q

surgically cut into

A

incise

118
Q

common term for “during surgery” intraoperatively

A

intraop

119
Q

turning inward

A

inversion

120
Q

covering or sheath that contains a sequestrum of bone

A

involucrum

121
Q

act of tearing

A

ligate

122
Q

general term for surgical removal of a mass

A

lumpectomy

123
Q

irrigation of tissue with a fluid

A

lavage

124
Q

insertion of a metal rod into the medullary cavity of a long bone

A

pinning

125
Q

common term for after surgery; postoperatively

A

postop

126
Q

to remove an organ or tissue

A

resect

127
Q

forcible tearing

A

rupture

128
Q

surgical removal off a saclike part; usually refers to the removal of anal sacs

A

sacculectomy

129
Q

accumulation of serum beneath the surgical incision

A

seroma

130
Q

to cut across

A

transect

131
Q

pierce through and through

A

transfix

132
Q

applying material to move liquid from one area to another

A

wicking

133
Q

Apparatus for sterilizing by steam under pressure

A

autoclave

134
Q

common term for abdominal wrap

A

belly band

135
Q

flat metal bars with screw holes that is used in bone fracture repair

A

bone plate

136
Q

screw that hold bone fragments together to repair fractures

A

bone screws

137
Q

moveable joint of any ringed instrument

A

boxlock

138
Q

band of metal that completely or partially goes around the circumference of a bone that is used in conjunction with other stabilization methods to repair a fracture

A

cerclage wire

139
Q

clamping device for holding a drill bit

A

chuck

140
Q

instrument used to secure or hold things

A

clamp

141
Q

instrument with cupped head to scrape material from cavity walls

A

curette

142
Q

device by which a channel may be established for the exit of fluids from a wound

A

drain

143
Q

cloth arranged over a patient’s body to provide a sterile field around the area to be examined, treated, or incised

A

drape

144
Q

various materials used to cover and protect a wound

A

dressing

145
Q

bloodless castration device using small elastic bands

A

elastrator

146
Q

instrument used to reflect tissue from bone

A

elevator

147
Q

instrument used to crush and sever spermatic cord through intact skin

A

emasculatome

148
Q

locking instrument used to grab and ligate vessels and tissues to control bleeding; also called hemostat

A

hemostatic forcep

149
Q

metal rods that are inserted into the medullary cavity of long bones to repair stable fractures

A

intramedullary pins

150
Q

artificial substitute for a diseased or missing part of the body

A

prosthesis

151
Q

graded locking portion of an instrument located near the finger rings

A

ratchet

152
Q

instrument used to hold back tissue

A

retractor

153
Q

forceps with cupped jaws used to break large bone pieces into smaller ones or to cut through tough tissue

A

rongeurs

154
Q

sawlike edge or border

A

serration

155
Q

bandage for supporting part of the body

A

sling

156
Q

tweezer-like, nonlocking instrument used to grasp tissue

A

tissue forceps

157
Q

specific procedure by which an organ or a part is exposed

A

approach

158
Q

surgical cut perpendicular to the long axis of the body, caudal to the last rib

A

flank incision

159
Q

surgical cut oriented parallel to the last rib

A

paracostal incision

160
Q

surgical cut lateral and parallel to the ventral midline but not on the midline

A

paramedian incision

161
Q

surgical cut along the midsagittal plane of the abdomen along the linea alba

A

ventral midline incision

162
Q

removing living tissue to examine it

A

biopsy

163
Q

removing entire mass, tissue, or organ to examine

A

excisional biopsy

164
Q

cutting into and removing part of a mass, tissue, or organ to examine it

A

incisional biopsy

165
Q

insertion of a needle into a tissue for extraction of tissue to be examined

A

needle biopsy

166
Q

postmortem examination that consists of thorough examination of a dead animal to determine cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present

A

necropsy

167
Q

dull, not sharp

A

blunt

168
Q

needle that has 2 or 3 opposing cutting edges

A

cutting needles

169
Q

act of tying

A

ligation

170
Q

substance used to lie or strangle a part

A

ligature

171
Q

single strand of material (used to describe suture)

A

monofilament

172
Q

several strands twisted together (used to describe suture)

A

multifiliament

173
Q

metal staple-like device used for vessel ligation

A

surgical clip

174
Q

eyeless needle; needle joined with suture material in a continuous unit

A

swaged needle

175
Q

needle with a rounded tip that is sharp to allow piercing but not cutting of tissue

A

taper needle

176
Q

ac

A

before meals (ante cibum)

177
Q

ad lib

A

as much as desired

178
Q

bid

A

twice daily

179
Q

BSA

A

body surface area

180
Q

cal

A

calorie

181
Q

cap

A

capsule

182
Q

cc

A

cubic centimeter (same as ml)

183
Q

cm

A

centimeter

184
Q

conc

A

concentration

185
Q

dr

A

dram; equal to 1/8 oz or 4 ml

186
Q

d5w

A

5%dextrose in water

187
Q

ED

A

effective dose

188
Q

ED50

A

median effective dose

189
Q

fl oz

A

fluid ounce

190
Q

g

A

gram

191
Q

gal

A

gallon

192
Q

gt

A

drop

193
Q

gtt

A

drops

194
Q

IU

A

International Unit or intrauterine

195
Q

lb or #

A

pound

196
Q

LD

A

lethal dose

197
Q

LRS

A

Lactated Ringers’ Solution

198
Q

MBC

A

minimum bacterial concentration

199
Q

mcg

A

microgram

200
Q

MED

A

minimal effective dose

201
Q

mEq

A

milliequivalent

202
Q

MIC

A

minimum inhibitory concentration

203
Q

MLD

A

minimum lethal dose

204
Q

npo

A

nothing by mouth

205
Q

NS

A

Normal saline

206
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

207
Q

OTC

A

over the counter

208
Q

pc

A

after meals (post cibum)

209
Q

po

A

orally

210
Q

ppm

A

parts per million

211
Q

PR

A

per rectum

212
Q

prn

A

as needed

213
Q

pt

A

pint

214
Q

PZI

A

protamine zinc insulin

215
Q

q

A

every

216
Q

qd

A

every day

217
Q

qh

A

every hour

218
Q

qid

A

4 times daily

219
Q

qn

A

every night

220
Q

qod or eod

A

every other day

221
Q

qp

A

as much as desired

222
Q

rx

A

prescription

223
Q

sid

A

once daily

224
Q

sig

A

let it be written as

225
Q

sol’n or sol

A

solution

226
Q

T

A

tablespoon or tablet or temperature

227
Q

tid

A

three times daily

228
Q

tsp or t

A

teaspoon

229
Q

vol

A

volume

230
Q

bx

A

biopsy

231
Q

fx

A

fracture

232
Q

ICU

A

intensive care unit

233
Q

OR

A

operating room

234
Q

sx

A

surgery

VETT 1000 Veterinary Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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