chapter 8 female repro Flashcards
adnexa uteri
fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments
amnion
innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
areola
dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
bartholin glands
small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice (opening to outside of the body)
cervix
lower, neck-like portion of the uterus
chorion
outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it forms the fetal part of the placenta.
clitoris
organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra
coitus
sexual intercourse; copulation
corpus luteum
empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell; literally means yellow body
cul-de-sac
region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus
embryo
stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks
endometrium
inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus
estrogen
hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics
fallopian tube
one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus.
fertilization
union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops.
fetus
stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks.
fimbriae
finger- or fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)
gamete
male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum
genitalia
reproductive organs; also called genitals
gestation
period from fertilization of the ovum to birth
gonad
female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis
gynecology
study of the female reproductive organs including the breasts
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone
hymen
mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina.
labia
lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, inner most lips
lactiferous ducts
tubes that carry milk within the breast
luteinizing hormone (LH)
hormone produced by the pituitary gland; promotes ovulation
mammary papilla
nipple of the breast. a papilla is any small nipple-shaped projection.
menarche
beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce.
menopause
gradual ending of menstruation
menstruation
monthly shedding of the uterine lining. the flow of blood and tissue normally discharged during menstruation is called the menses
myometrium
muscle layer of the uterus
neonatology
branch of medicine that studies the disorders and care of the newborn
obstetrics
branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth
orifice
opening
ovarian follicle
developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary. Only about 400 of these sacs mature in a woman’s lifetime.
ovary
one of a pair of female organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis. Ovaries are almond-shaped, about the size of large walnuts, and produce egg cells (ova) and hormones.
ovulation
release of the ovum from the ovary
ovum
mature egg cell (female gamete). ova develop from immature egg cells called oocytes.
parturition
act of giving birth
perineum
in females, the area between the anus and the vagina
pituitary gland
endocrine gland at the base of the brain. It produces hormones to stimulate the ovaries
placenta
vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy. It serves as a communication between maternal and fetal bloodstreams.
pregnancy
condition in a female of having a developing embryo and fetus in her uterus for about 40 weeks.
progesterone
hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women.
puberty
point in the life cycle at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced.
uterine serosa
outermost layer surrounding the uterus
uterus
hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs. The upper portion is the fundus; the middle portion is the corpus; and the lowermost neck-like portion is the cervix.
vagina
muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body.
vulva
external female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice.
zygote
stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks.
amni/o
amnion
cervic/o
cervix, neck
chori/o
chorion
colp/o
vagina
culd/o
cul-de-sac
episi/o
vulva
galact/o
milk
gynec/o
woman, female
hyster/o
uterus, womb
lact/o
milk
mamm/o
breast
mast/o
breast
men/o
menses, menstruation
metr/o, metri/o
uterus
my/o, myom/o
muscle, muscle tumor
nat/i
birth
obstetr/o
pregnancy and childbirth
o/o
egg
oophor/o
ovary
ov/o
egg
ovari/o
ovary
ovul/o
egg
perine/o
perineum
phor/o
to bear
salping/o
fallopian tubes
uter/o
uterus
vagin/o
vagina
vulv/o
vulva
-arche
beginning
-cyesis
pregnancy
-gravida
pregnant
-parous
bearing, bringing forth
-rrhea
discharge
-salpinx
fallopian (uterine) tube
-tocia
labor, birth
-version
act of turning
dys-
painful
endo-
within
in-
in
intra-
within
multi-
many
nulli-
no, not, none
pre-
before
primi-
first
retro-
backward
carcinoma of the cervix
malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer)
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix
carcinoma of the endometrium
malignant tumor of the uterus (adenocarcinoma)
endometriosis
endometrial tissue located outside the uterus
fibroids
benign tumors in the uterus
ovarian carcinoma
malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma)
ovarian cysts
collections of fluid within a sac (cyst) in the ovary.
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis.
carcinoma of the breast (breast cancer)
malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts).
fibrocystic disease
numerous small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast.
abruptio placentae
premature separation of the implanted placenta
choriocarcinoma
malignant tumor of the placenta
ectopic pregnancy
implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location.
multiple gestation
more than one fetus inside the uterus.
placenta previa
implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus.
preeclampsia
abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache.
down syndrome
chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21) results in mental retardation, retarded growth, a flat face with a short nose, low-set ears, and slanted eyes.
erythroblastosis fetalis
hemolytic disease in the newborn (HND) caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus.
hyaline membrane disease
acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn
hydrocephalus
accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain.
meconium aspiration syndrome
abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stool) produced by a fetus or newborn.
pyloric stenosis
narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum.
pap test
microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix.
pregnancy test
blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG.
hysterosalpingography (HSG)
x-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material.
mammography
x-ray imaging of the breast.
breast ultrasound imaging and breast MRI
technologies using sound waves and magnetic waves to create images of breast tissue.
pelvic ultrasonography
recording images of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region.
aspiration
withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction.
cauterization
destruction of tissue by burning
colposcopy
visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope.
conization
removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix.
cryosurgery
use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue.
culdocentesis
needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac
dilation and curettage
widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus.
exenteration
removal of internal organs within a cavity
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope.
tubal ligation
blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring.
abortion (AB)
spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus can exist on its own.
amniocentesis
needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis
cesarean section
surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus.
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis.
fetal monitoring
continuous recording of the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions to reduce fetal distress during labor.
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization
pelvimetry
measurement of the dimensions of the maternal pelvis.
