chapter 8 female repro Flashcards
1
Q
adnexa uteri
A
fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments
2
Q
amnion
A
innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
3
Q
areola
A
dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
4
Q
bartholin glands
A
small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice (opening to outside of the body)
5
Q
cervix
A
lower, neck-like portion of the uterus
6
Q
chorion
A
outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it forms the fetal part of the placenta.
7
Q
clitoris
A
organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra
8
Q
coitus
A
sexual intercourse; copulation
9
Q
corpus luteum
A
empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell; literally means yellow body
10
Q
cul-de-sac
A
region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus
11
Q
embryo
A
stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks
12
Q
endometrium
A
inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus
13
Q
estrogen
A
hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics
14
Q
fallopian tube
A
one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus.
15
Q
fertilization
A
union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops.
16
Q
fetus
A
stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks.
17
Q
fimbriae
A
finger- or fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes
18
Q
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A
secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)
19
Q
gamete
A
male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum
20
Q
genitalia
A
reproductive organs; also called genitals
21
Q
gestation
A
period from fertilization of the ovum to birth
22
Q
gonad
A
female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis
23
Q
gynecology
A
study of the female reproductive organs including the breasts
24
Q
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
A
hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone
25
hymen
mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina.
26
labia
lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, inner most lips
27
lactiferous ducts
tubes that carry milk within the breast
28
luteinizing hormone (LH)
hormone produced by the pituitary gland; promotes ovulation
29
mammary papilla
nipple of the breast. a papilla is any small nipple-shaped projection.
30
menarche
beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce.
31
menopause
gradual ending of menstruation
32
menstruation
monthly shedding of the uterine lining. the flow of blood and tissue normally discharged during menstruation is called the menses
33
myometrium
muscle layer of the uterus
34
neonatology
branch of medicine that studies the disorders and care of the newborn
35
obstetrics
branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth
36
orifice
opening
37
ovarian follicle
developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary. Only about 400 of these sacs mature in a woman's lifetime.
38
ovary
one of a pair of female organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis. Ovaries are almond-shaped, about the size of large walnuts, and produce egg cells (ova) and hormones.
39
ovulation
release of the ovum from the ovary
40
ovum
mature egg cell (female gamete). ova develop from immature egg cells called oocytes.
41
parturition
act of giving birth
42
perineum
in females, the area between the anus and the vagina
43
pituitary gland
endocrine gland at the base of the brain. It produces hormones to stimulate the ovaries
44
placenta
vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy. It serves as a communication between maternal and fetal bloodstreams.
45
pregnancy
condition in a female of having a developing embryo and fetus in her uterus for about 40 weeks.
46
progesterone
hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women.
47
puberty
point in the life cycle at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced.
48
uterine serosa
outermost layer surrounding the uterus
49
uterus
hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs. The upper portion is the fundus; the middle portion is the corpus; and the lowermost neck-like portion is the cervix.
50
vagina
muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body.
51
vulva
external female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice.
52
zygote
stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks.
53
amni/o
amnion
54
cervic/o
cervix, neck
55
chori/o
chorion
56
colp/o
vagina
57
culd/o
cul-de-sac
58
episi/o
vulva
59
galact/o
milk
60
gynec/o
woman, female
61
hyster/o
uterus, womb
62
lact/o
milk
63
mamm/o
breast
64
mast/o
breast
65
men/o
menses, menstruation
66
metr/o, metri/o
uterus
67
my/o, myom/o
muscle, muscle tumor
68
nat/i
birth
69
obstetr/o
pregnancy and childbirth
70
o/o
egg
71
oophor/o
ovary
72
ov/o
egg
73
ovari/o
ovary
74
ovul/o
egg
75
perine/o
perineum
76
phor/o
to bear
77
salping/o
fallopian tubes
78
uter/o
uterus
79
vagin/o
vagina
80
vulv/o
vulva
81
-arche
beginning
82
-cyesis
pregnancy
83
-gravida
pregnant
84
-parous
bearing, bringing forth
85
-rrhea
discharge
86
-salpinx
fallopian (uterine) tube
87
-tocia
labor, birth
88
-version
act of turning
89
dys-
painful
90
endo-
within
91
in-
in
92
intra-
within
93
multi-
many
94
nulli-
no, not, none
95
pre-
before
96
primi-
first
97
retro-
backward
98
carcinoma of the cervix
malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer)
99
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix
100
carcinoma of the endometrium
malignant tumor of the uterus (adenocarcinoma)
101
endometriosis
endometrial tissue located outside the uterus
102
fibroids
benign tumors in the uterus
103
ovarian carcinoma
malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma)
104
ovarian cysts
collections of fluid within a sac (cyst) in the ovary.
105
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis.
106
carcinoma of the breast (breast cancer)
malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts).
107
fibrocystic disease
numerous small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast.
108
abruptio placentae
premature separation of the implanted placenta
109
choriocarcinoma
malignant tumor of the placenta
110
ectopic pregnancy
implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location.
111
multiple gestation
more than one fetus inside the uterus.
112
placenta previa
implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus.
113
preeclampsia
abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache.
114
down syndrome
chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21) results in mental retardation, retarded growth, a flat face with a short nose, low-set ears, and slanted eyes.
115
erythroblastosis fetalis
hemolytic disease in the newborn (HND) caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus.
116
hyaline membrane disease
acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn
117
hydrocephalus
accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain.
118
meconium aspiration syndrome
abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stool) produced by a fetus or newborn.
119
pyloric stenosis
narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum.
120
pap test
microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix.
121
pregnancy test
blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG.
122
hysterosalpingography (HSG)
x-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material.
123
mammography
x-ray imaging of the breast.
124
breast ultrasound imaging and breast MRI
technologies using sound waves and magnetic waves to create images of breast tissue.
125
pelvic ultrasonography
recording images of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region.
126
aspiration
withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction.
127
cauterization
destruction of tissue by burning
128
colposcopy
visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope.
129
conization
removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix.
130
cryosurgery
use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue.
131
culdocentesis
needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac
132
dilation and curettage
widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus.
133
exenteration
removal of internal organs within a cavity
134
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope.
135
tubal ligation
blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring.
136
abortion (AB)
spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus can exist on its own.
137
amniocentesis
needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis
138
cesarean section
surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus.
139
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis.
140
fetal monitoring
continuous recording of the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions to reduce fetal distress during labor.
141
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization
142
pelvimetry
measurement of the dimensions of the maternal pelvis.
