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medical terminology > chapter 21 pharmacology > Flashcards

chapter 21 pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

addiction

A

physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug.

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2
Q

additive action

A

drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each.

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3
Q

aerosol

A

particles of drug suspended in air.

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4
Q

anaphylaxis

A

exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein.

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5
Q

antagonistic action

A

combination of two drugs gives less than an additive effect.

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6
Q

antidote

A

agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug.

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7
Q

brand name

A

commercial name for a drug; trademark or trade name.

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8
Q

chemical name

A

chemical formula for a drug.

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9
Q

contraindications

A

factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment

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10
Q

controlled substances

A

drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction.

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11
Q

dependence

A

prolonged use of a drug that may lead to physiologic need for its actions in the body.

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12
Q

dose

A

amount of drug administered, usually measured in milligrams

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13
Q

food and drug administration (FDA)

A

US government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use.

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14
Q

generic name

A

legal noncommercial name for a drug.

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15
Q

iatrogenic

A

condition caused by treatment (drugs or procedures) given by physicians or medical personnel.

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16
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people.

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17
Q

inhalation

A

administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth.

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18
Q

medicinal chemistry

A

study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects.

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19
Q

molecular pharmacology

A

study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surface receptors.

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20
Q

oral administration

A

drugs are given by mouth.

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21
Q

parenteral administration

A

drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins (any route other than through the digestive tract).

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22
Q

pharmacist

A

specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs.

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23
Q

pharmacy

A

location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs.

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24
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

study of the effects and strength of a drug within the body.

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25
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

study of drug concentration in tissues and body fluids over a period of time.

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26
Q

pharmacologist

A

specialist in the study of the properties, uses, and actions of drugs.

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27
Q

pharmacology

A

study of the preparation, properties, uses, and actions of drugs.

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28
Q

physicians’ desk reference (PDR)

A

reference book that lists drug products

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29
Q

receptor

A

target substance with which a drug interacts in the body.

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30
Q

rectal administration

A

drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum.

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31
Q

resistance

A

lack of beneficial response; seen when drugs are unable to control the disease process.

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32
Q

response

A

desired and beneficial effect of a drug.

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33
Q

schedule

A

exact timing and frequency of drug administration.

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34
Q

side effect

A

adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from the use of a drug.

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35
Q

sublingual administration

A

drugs are given by placement under the tongue.

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36
Q

synergism

A

combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone.

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37
Q

syringe

A

instrument (tube) for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body.

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38
Q

tolerance

A

larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect. The patient becomes resistant to the action of a drug as treatment progresses.

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39
Q

topical application

A

drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ointments, creams, and lotions are applied topically.

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40
Q

toxicity

A

harmful effects of a drug.

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41
Q

toxicology

A

study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body.

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42
Q

transport

A

movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells

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43
Q

United States Pharmacopeia (USP)

A

authoritative list of drugs, formulas, and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing.

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44
Q

vitamin

A

substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health.

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45
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

lowers blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a powerful vasoconstrictor).

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46
Q

amphetamine

A

central nervous system stimulant.

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47
Q

analgesic

A

relieves pain.

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48
Q

androgen

A

male hormone.

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49
Q

anesthetic

A

reduces or eliminates sensation; general and local.

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50
Q

angiotensin II receptor blocker

A

lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels.

51
Q

antacid

A

neutralizes acid in the stomach.

52
Q

antiandrogen

A

slows the uptake of androgens or interferes with their effect in tissues.

53
Q

antiarrhythmic

A

treats abnormal heart rhythms.

54
Q

antibiotic

A

chemical substance, produced by a plant or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body.

55
Q

anticoagulant

A

prevents blood clotting.

56
Q

anticonvulsant

A

prevents convulsions (abnormal brain activity).

57
Q

antidepressant

A

relieves symptoms of depression.

58
Q

antidiabetic

A

drug given to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus.

59
Q

antidiarrheal

A

prevents diarrhea.

60
Q

antiemetic

A

prevents nausea and vomiting.

61
Q

antihistamine

A

blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy.

62
Q

antinauseant

A

relieves nausea and vomiting; antiemetic.

63
Q

antiplatelet

A

reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot.

64
Q

antiulcer

A

inhibits the secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach.

65
Q

antiviral

A

acts against viruses such as herpesviruses and HIV.

66
Q

aromatase inhibitor

A

reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking the enzyme aromatase.

67
Q

bactericidal

A

kills bacteria

68
Q

bacteriostatic

A

inhibits bacterial growth

69
Q

beta-blocker

A

blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes; antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive.

70
Q

biphosphonate

A

prevents bone loss in osteoporosis and osteopenia

71
Q

caffeine

A

central nervous system stimulant

72
Q

calcium channel blocker

A

blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels; used as an antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive; also called calcium antagonist.

73
Q

cardiac glycoside

A

increases the force of contraction of the heart.

74
Q

cardiovascular drug

A

acts on the heart and blood vessels. This category of drug includes ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, cholesterol-lowering drugs or statins, and diuretics.

75
Q

cathartic

A

relieves constipation

76
Q

cholesterol-binding drug

A

binds to dietary cholesterol and prevents its uptake from the gastrointestinal tract.

77
Q

cholesterol-lowering drug

A

lowers cholesterol by preventing its production by the liver; statin.

78
Q

diuretic

A

increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body; antihypertensive.

79
Q

emetic

A

promotes vomiting.

80
Q

endocrine drug

A

a hormone or hormone-like drug. Examples are androgens, estrogens, progestins, SERMs, thyroid hormone, and glucocorticoids.

81
Q

estrogen

A

female hormone that promotes development of secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues.

82
Q

gastrointestinal drug

A

relieves symptoms of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract.

83
Q

glucocorticoid

A

hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation.

84
Q

hypnotic

A

produces sleep or a trance-like state.

85
Q

laxative

A

weak cathartic.

86
Q

narcotic

A

habit-forming drug (potent analgesic) that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility; morphine and opium are examples.

87
Q

progestin

A

female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is also used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and for hormone replacement therapy.

88
Q

purgative

A

relieves constipation; strong cathartic

89
Q

respiratory drug

A

treats asthma, emphysema, and infections of the respiratory system.

90
Q

sedative

A

a mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep.

91
Q

stimulant

A

excites and promotes activity.

92
Q

thyroid hormone

A

stimulates cellular metabolism

93
Q

tranquilizer

A

controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior.

94
Q

aer/o

A

air

95
Q

alges/o

A

sensitivity to pain

96
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchial tube

97
Q

chem/o

A

drug

98
Q

cras/o

A

mixture

99
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

100
Q

derm/o

A

skin

101
Q

erg/o

A

work

102
Q

esthes/o

A

feeling, sensation

103
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

104
Q

hypn/o

A

sleep

105
Q

iatr/o

A

treatment

106
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

107
Q

myc/o

A

mold, fungus

108
Q

narc/o

A

stupor

109
Q

or/o

A

mouth

110
Q

pharmac/o

A

drug

111
Q

prurit/o

A

itching

112
Q

pyret/o

A

fever

113
Q

thec/o

A

sheath (of brain and spinal cord)

114
Q

tox/o

A

poison

115
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

116
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

117
Q

ven/o

A

vein

118
Q

vit/o

A

life

119
Q

ana-

A

upward, excessive, again

120
Q

anti-

A

against

121
Q

contra-

A

against, opposite

122
Q

par-

A

other than, apart from

123
Q

syn-

A

together, with

medical terminology (18 decks)

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