Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

medical terminology > Chapter 17 Sense Organs: Eye and Ear > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Sense Organs: Eye and Ear Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

accommodation

A

normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near. The ciliary body adjusts the lens (rounding it) and the pupil constricts. When the eye focuses from near to far, the ciliary body flattens the lens and the pupil dilates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anterior chamber

A

area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. It contains aqueous humor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

aqueous humor

A

fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

biconvex

A

consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere. The lens of the eye is a biconvex body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

choroid

A

middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ciliary body

A

structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris. It contains ciliary muscles, which control the shape of the lens, and it secretes aqueous humor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cone

A

photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. Cones are responsible for color and central vision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

conjunctiva

A

delicate membrane lining the undersurface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cornea

A

fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fovea centralis

A

tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fundus of the eye

A

posterior, inner part of the eye.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

iris

A

pigmented (colored) layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye. The central opening of the iris is the pupil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

lens

A

transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. It bends (refracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

macula

A

yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc; contains the fovea centralis, which is the area of clearest vision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

optic chiasm

A

point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain (chiasm means crossing).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

optic disc

A

region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. It is the blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, and is thus insensitive to light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

optic nerve

A

cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pupil

A

central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass. It appears dark.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

refraction

A

bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina. Refract means to break.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

retina

A

light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

rod

A

photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sclera

A

tough, white outer coat of the eyeball.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

thalamus

A

relay center of the brain. Optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

vitreous humor

A

soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

aque/o

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

cor/o

A

pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

corne/o

A

cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

cycl/o

A

ciliary body or muscle of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

dacry/o

A

tears, tear duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ir/o, irid/o

A

iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

kerat/o

A

cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

lacrim/o

A

tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

ocul/o

A

eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

opt/o, optic/o

A

eye, vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

palpebr/o

A

eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

papill/o

A

optic disc; nipple-like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

phac/o, phak/o

A

lens of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

pupill/o

A

pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

retin/o

A

retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

scler/o

A

sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

uve/o

A

uvea; vascular layer of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

vitre/o

A

glassy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

ambly/o

A

dull, dim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

dipl/o

A

double

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

glauc/o

A

gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

mi/o

A

smaller, less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

mydr/o

A

widen, enlarge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

nyct/o

A

night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

phot/o

A

light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

presby/o

A

old age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

scot/o

A

darkness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

xer/o

A

dry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

-opia

A

vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

-opsia

A

vision

58
Q

-tropia

A

to turn

59
Q

astigmatism

A

defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye.

60
Q

hyperopia (hypermetropia)

A

farsightedness

61
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

62
Q

presbyopia

A

impairment of vision as a result of old age.

63
Q

cataract

A

clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision

64
Q

chalazion

A

small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid.

65
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels form in the retina).

66
Q

glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision.

67
Q

hordeolum

A

localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid.

68
Q

macular degeneration

A

progressive damage to the macula of the retina.

69
Q

nystagmus

A

repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes.

70
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of eyelid, causing redness, crusting, and swelling along lid margins

71
Q

chalazion

A

granuloma formed around an inflamed sebaceous gland

72
Q

dacryocystitis

A

blockage, inflammation, and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in the region between the nose and the lower lid.

73
Q

ectropion

A

outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration

74
Q

entropion

A

inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye; corneal abrasion may result.

75
Q

Hordeolum (stye)

A

infection of a sebaceous gland producing a small, superficial white nodule along lid margin.

76
Q

ptosis

A

drooping of upper lid margin as a result of neuromuscular problems or trauma.

77
Q

xanthelasma

A

raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder

78
Q

retinal detachment

A

two layers of the retina separate from each other.

79
Q

strabismus

A

abnormal deviation of the eye.

80
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils.

81
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of the eye.

82
Q

slit lamp microscopy

A

examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification.

83
Q

visual acuity test

A

clarity of vision is assessed

84
Q

visual field test

A

measurement of the area (peripheral and central) within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without movement of the head.

85
Q

enucleation

A

removal of the entire eyeball

86
Q

keratoplasty

A

surgical repair of the cornea

87
Q

laser photocoagulation

A

intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels.

88
Q

LASIK

A

use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism).

89
Q

phacoemulsification

A

ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe.

90
Q

scleral buckle

A

suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina.

91
Q

vitrectomy

A

removal of the vitreous humor.

92
Q

auditory canal

A

channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum.

93
Q

auditory meatus

A

auditory canal.

94
Q

auditory nerve fibers

A

carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex). These fibers compose the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)

95
Q

auditory tube

A

channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube.

96
Q

auricle

A

flap of the ear; the protruding part of the external ear, or pinna.

97
Q

cerumen

A

waxy substance secreted by the external ear; also called earwax.

98
Q

cochlea

A

snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells.

99
Q

endolymph

A

fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear.

100
Q

eustachian tube

A

auditory tube

101
Q

incus

A

second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear; incus means anvil.

102
Q

labyrinth

A

maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. This includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals.

103
Q

malleus

A

first ossicle of the middle ear; malleus means hammer.

104
Q

organ of Corti

A

sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear.

105
Q

ossicle

A

small bone of the ear; includes the malleus, incus, and stapes.

106
Q

oval window

A

membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear.

107
Q

perilymph

A

fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear.

108
Q

pinna

A

auricle; flap of the ear.

109
Q

semicircular canals

A

passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium.

110
Q

stapes

A

third ossicles of the middle ear. Stapes means stirrup.

111
Q

tympanic membrane

A

membrane between the outer and the middle ear; also called the eardrum.

112
Q

vestibule

A

central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea. the vestibule contains two structures, the saccule and utricle, that help to maintain equilibrium.

113
Q

acous/o

A

hearing

114
Q

audi/o

A

hearing; the sense of hearing

115
Q

audit/o

A

hearing

116
Q

aur/o, auricul/o

A

ear

117
Q

cochle/o

A

cochlea

118
Q

mastoid/o

A

mastoid process

119
Q

myring/o

A

eardrum, tympanic membrane

120
Q

ossicul/o

A

ossicle

121
Q

ot/o

A

ear

122
Q

salping/o

A

eustachian tube, auditory tube

123
Q

staped/o

A

stapes

124
Q

tympan/o

A

eardrum, tympanic membrane

125
Q

vestibul/o

A

vestibule

126
Q

-acusis

A

hearing

127
Q

-meter

A

instrument to measure

128
Q

-otia

A

ear condition

129
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve) in the brain.

130
Q

cholesteatoma

A

collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear.

131
Q

deafness

A

loss of the ability to hear.

132
Q

meniere disease

A

disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops).

133
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear

134
Q

otosclerosis

A

hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear.

135
Q

tinnitus

A

sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears.

136
Q

vertigo

A

sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects.

137
Q

audiometry

A

testing the sense of hearing

138
Q

cochlear implant procedure

A

surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech.

139
Q

ear thermometry

A

measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum.

140
Q

otoscopy

A

visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope.

141
Q

tuning fork test

A

test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork).

medical terminology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions