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medical terminology > Chapter 17 Sense Organs: Eye and Ear > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Sense Organs: Eye and Ear Flashcards

1
Q

accommodation

A

normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near. The ciliary body adjusts the lens (rounding it) and the pupil constricts. When the eye focuses from near to far, the ciliary body flattens the lens and the pupil dilates.

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2
Q

anterior chamber

A

area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. It contains aqueous humor.

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3
Q

aqueous humor

A

fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber.

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4
Q

biconvex

A

consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere. The lens of the eye is a biconvex body.

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5
Q

choroid

A

middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera.

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6
Q

ciliary body

A

structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris. It contains ciliary muscles, which control the shape of the lens, and it secretes aqueous humor.

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7
Q

cone

A

photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. Cones are responsible for color and central vision.

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8
Q

conjunctiva

A

delicate membrane lining the undersurface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball.

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9
Q

cornea

A

fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.

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10
Q

fovea centralis

A

tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision.

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11
Q

fundus of the eye

A

posterior, inner part of the eye.

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12
Q

iris

A

pigmented (colored) layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye. The central opening of the iris is the pupil.

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13
Q

lens

A

transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. It bends (refracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina.

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14
Q

macula

A

yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc; contains the fovea centralis, which is the area of clearest vision.

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15
Q

optic chiasm

A

point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain (chiasm means crossing).

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16
Q

optic disc

A

region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. It is the blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, and is thus insensitive to light.

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17
Q

optic nerve

A

cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex).

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18
Q

pupil

A

central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass. It appears dark.

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19
Q

refraction

A

bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina. Refract means to break.

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20
Q

retina

A

light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones).

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21
Q

rod

A

photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision.

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22
Q

sclera

A

tough, white outer coat of the eyeball.

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23
Q

thalamus

A

relay center of the brain. Optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex.

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24
Q

vitreous humor

A

soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball.

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25
aque/o
water
26
blephar/o
eyelid
27
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva
28
cor/o
pupil
29
corne/o
cornea
30
cycl/o
ciliary body or muscle of the eye
31
dacry/o
tears, tear duct
32
ir/o, irid/o
iris
33
kerat/o
cornea
34
lacrim/o
tears
35
ocul/o
eye
36
ophthalm/o
eye
37
opt/o, optic/o
eye, vision
38
palpebr/o
eyelid
39
papill/o
optic disc; nipple-like
40
phac/o, phak/o
lens of the eye
41
pupill/o
pupil
42
retin/o
retina
43
scler/o
sclera
44
uve/o
uvea; vascular layer of the eye
45
vitre/o
glassy
46
ambly/o
dull, dim
47
dipl/o
double
48
glauc/o
gray
49
mi/o
smaller, less
50
mydr/o
widen, enlarge
51
nyct/o
night
52
phot/o
light
53
presby/o
old age
54
scot/o
darkness
55
xer/o
dry
56
-opia
vision
57
-opsia
vision
58
-tropia
to turn
59
astigmatism
defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye.
60
hyperopia (hypermetropia)
farsightedness
61
myopia
nearsightedness
62
presbyopia
impairment of vision as a result of old age.
63
cataract
clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision
64
chalazion
small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid.
65
diabetic retinopathy
retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels form in the retina).
66
glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision.
67
hordeolum
localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid.
68
macular degeneration
progressive damage to the macula of the retina.
69
nystagmus
repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes.
70
blepharitis
inflammation of eyelid, causing redness, crusting, and swelling along lid margins
71
chalazion
granuloma formed around an inflamed sebaceous gland
72
dacryocystitis
blockage, inflammation, and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in the region between the nose and the lower lid.
73
ectropion
outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration
74
entropion
inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye; corneal abrasion may result.
75
Hordeolum (stye)
infection of a sebaceous gland producing a small, superficial white nodule along lid margin.
76
ptosis
drooping of upper lid margin as a result of neuromuscular problems or trauma.
77
xanthelasma
raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder
78
retinal detachment
two layers of the retina separate from each other.
79
strabismus
abnormal deviation of the eye.
80
fluorescein angiography
intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils.
81
ophthalmoscopy
visual examination of the interior of the eye.
82
slit lamp microscopy
examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification.
83
visual acuity test
clarity of vision is assessed
84
visual field test
measurement of the area (peripheral and central) within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without movement of the head.
85
enucleation
removal of the entire eyeball
86
keratoplasty
surgical repair of the cornea
87
laser photocoagulation
intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels.
88
LASIK
use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism).
89
phacoemulsification
ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe.
90
scleral buckle
suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina.
91
vitrectomy
removal of the vitreous humor.
92
auditory canal
channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum.
93
auditory meatus
auditory canal.
94
auditory nerve fibers
carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex). These fibers compose the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)
95
auditory tube
channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube.
96
auricle
flap of the ear; the protruding part of the external ear, or pinna.
97
cerumen
waxy substance secreted by the external ear; also called earwax.
98
cochlea
snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells.
99
endolymph
fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear.
100
eustachian tube
auditory tube
101
incus
second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear; incus means anvil.
102
labyrinth
maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. This includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals.
103
malleus
first ossicle of the middle ear; malleus means hammer.
104
organ of Corti
sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear.
105
ossicle
small bone of the ear; includes the malleus, incus, and stapes.
106
oval window
membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear.
107
perilymph
fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear.
108
pinna
auricle; flap of the ear.
109
semicircular canals
passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium.
110
stapes
third ossicles of the middle ear. Stapes means stirrup.
111
tympanic membrane
membrane between the outer and the middle ear; also called the eardrum.
112
vestibule
central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea. the vestibule contains two structures, the saccule and utricle, that help to maintain equilibrium.
113
acous/o
hearing
114
audi/o
hearing; the sense of hearing
115
audit/o
hearing
116
aur/o, auricul/o
ear
117
cochle/o
cochlea
118
mastoid/o
mastoid process
119
myring/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane
120
ossicul/o
ossicle
121
ot/o
ear
122
salping/o
eustachian tube, auditory tube
123
staped/o
stapes
124
tympan/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane
125
vestibul/o
vestibule
126
-acusis
hearing
127
-meter
instrument to measure
128
-otia
ear condition
129
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve) in the brain.
130
cholesteatoma
collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear.
131
deafness
loss of the ability to hear.
132
meniere disease
disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops).
133
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
134
otosclerosis
hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear.
135
tinnitus
sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears.
136
vertigo
sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects.
137
audiometry
testing the sense of hearing
138
cochlear implant procedure
surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech.
139
ear thermometry
measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum.
140
otoscopy
visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope.
141
tuning fork test
test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork).

medical terminology (18 decks)

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