Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

medical terminology > chapter 7 urinary system > Flashcards

chapter 7 urinary system Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

calyx

A

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

catheter

A

tube for injecting or removing fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cortex

A

outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

creatinine

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. creatinine clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine from the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

electrolyte

A

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. electrolytes are necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. the kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. K and Na are electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

filtration

A

process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter. in the kidney, blood pressure forces materials through the filter (glomerulus). About 180 quarts of fluid are filtered from the blood daily, but the kidney returns 98% to 99% of the water and salts. Only about 1.5 quarts of urine are excreted daily.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

glomerular capsule

A

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The glomerular capsule is also known as Bowman capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

glomerulus

A

tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hilum

A

depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

kidney

A

one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

meatus

A

opening or canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

medulla

A

inner region of an organ. the renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pertaining to the medulla)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nephron

A

combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. It is the functional unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself. There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nitrogenous waste

A

substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

potassium

A

an electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

reabsorption

A

process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

renal artery

A

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

renal pelvis

A

central collecting region in the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

renal tubule

A

microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

renal vein

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

renin

A

hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

sodium

A

an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

trigone

A

triangular area in the urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

urea

A

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ureter

A

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

urethra

A

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

uric acid

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

urinary bladder

A

hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

urination (voiding)

A

process of expelling urine; also called micturition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

cali/o

A

calyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

meat/o

A

meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

38
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

39
Q

trigon/o

A

trigone

40
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

41
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

42
Q

vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

43
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin (a protein in the blood)

44
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogen

45
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

46
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

47
Q

kal/o

A

potassium

48
Q

ket/o, keton/o

A

ketone bodies

49
Q

lith/o

A

stone

50
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

51
Q

noct/o

A

night

52
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

53
Q

-poietin

A

substance that forms

54
Q

py/o

A

pus

55
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

56
Q

ur/o

A

urine (urea)

57
Q

urin/o

A

urine

58
Q

-uria

A

urination; urine condition

59
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

60
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules.

61
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stones (renal calculi)

62
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine.

63
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney.

64
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma.

65
Q

renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)

A

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

66
Q

renal failure

A

kidney decreases excretion of wastes as a result of impaired filtration function.

67
Q

renal hypertension

A

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

68
Q

Wilms tumor

A

malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood.

69
Q

bladder cancer

A

malignant tumor of the urinary bladder.

70
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect.

71
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

insulin is not secreted adequately or not used properly in the body.

72
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

measurement of urea levels in blood.

73
Q

creatinine clearance

A

measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney.

74
Q

CT scan

A

x-ray images show multiple cross-sectional and other views of organs and tissues.

75
Q

kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)

A

x-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

76
Q

renal angiography

A

x-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney.

77
Q

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

A

x-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder.

78
Q

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

A

x-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding.

79
Q

ultrasonography

A

imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves.

80
Q

radioisotope scan

A

image of the kidney after injecting a radioactive substance (radioisotope) into the bloodstream.

81
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body.

82
Q

cystoscopy

A

direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope.

83
Q

dialysis

A

process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood.

84
Q

hemodialysis (HD)

A

uses an artificial kidney machine that receives waste-filled blood from the patients bloodstream, filters it, and returns the dialyzed blood to the patient’s body.

85
Q

peritoneal dialysis (PD)

A

uses a peritoneal catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity.

86
Q

lithotripsy

A

urinary tract stones are crushed.

87
Q

renal angioplasty

A

dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries.

88
Q

renal biopsy

A

removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination.

89
Q

renal transplantation

A

surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient.

90
Q

urinary catheterization

A

passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder.

medical terminology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions