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medical terminology > Chapter 13 Blood System > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Blood System Flashcards

1
Q

albumin

A

protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood.

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2
Q

antibody (Ab)

A

protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it.

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3
Q

antigen

A

substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody.

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4
Q

basophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with release of histamine and heparin.

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5
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells die.

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6
Q

coagulation

A

blood clotting

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7
Q

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

A

protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells (granulocytes).

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8
Q

differentiation

A

change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

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9
Q

electrophoresis

A

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge.

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10
Q

eosinophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions

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11
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell. there are about 5 million per microliter or cubic millimeter of blood.

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12
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation.

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13
Q

fibrin

A

protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot.

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14
Q

fibrinogen

A

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process.

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15
Q

globulin

A

plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples.

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16
Q

granulocyte

A

white blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules: eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil.

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17
Q

hemoglobin

A

blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells.

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18
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells).

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19
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells.

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20
Q

immune reaction

A

response of the immune system to foreign invasion.

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21
Q

immunoglobulin

A

protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD.

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22
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

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23
Q

lymphocyte

A

mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies.

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24
Q

macrophage

A

monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris.

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25
Q

megakaryocyte

A

large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow.

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26
Q

monocyte

A

leukocyte with one large nucleus. It is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues.

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27
Q

mononuclear

A

pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes.

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28
Q

neutrophil

A

granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. It is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell. Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte.

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29
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins.

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30
Q

plasmapheresis

A

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.

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31
Q

platelet

A

small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process.

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32
Q

prothrombin

A

plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process.

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33
Q

reticulocyte

A

immature erythrocyte. a network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes.

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34
Q

Rh factor

A

antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive (RH+) individuals. The factor was first identified in the blood of a rhesus monkey.

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35
Q

serum

A

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors.

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36
Q

stem cell

A

unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells.

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37
Q

thrombin

A

enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation.

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38
Q

thrombocyte

A

platelet.

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39
Q

bas/o

A

base

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40
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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41
Q

coagul/o

A

clotting

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42
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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43
Q

eosin/o

A

red, dawn, rosy

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44
Q

erythr/o

A

red

45
Q

granul/o

A

granules

46
Q

hem/o

A

blood

47
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

48
Q

hemoglobin/o

A

hemoglobin

49
Q

is/o

A

same, equal

50
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

51
Q

leuk/o

A

nucleus

52
Q

leuk/o

A

white

53
Q

mon/o

A

one, single

54
Q

morph/o

A

shape, form

55
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

56
Q

neutr/o

A

neutral

57
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

58
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

59
Q

poikil/o

A

varied, irregular

60
Q

sider/o

A

iron

61
Q

spher/o

A

globe, round

62
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

63
Q

-apheresis

A

removal, a carrying away

64
Q

-blast

A

immature cell, embryonic

65
Q

-cytosis

A

abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)

66
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

67
Q

-globin

A

protein

68
Q

-lytic

A

pertaining to destruction

69
Q

-oid

A

derived from

70
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

71
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

72
Q

-phage

A

eat, swallow

73
Q

-philia

A

attraction for (an increase in cell numbers)

74
Q

-phoresis

A

carrying, transmission

75
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

76
Q

-stasis

A

stop, control

77
Q

dyscrasia

A

disease

78
Q

anemia

A

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.

79
Q

aplastic anemia

A

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.

80
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction.

81
Q

pernicious anemia

A

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body.

82
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

hereditary condition characterized by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis.

83
Q

thalassemia

A

inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of mediterranean background.

84
Q

hemochromatosis

A

excess iron deposits throughout the body.

85
Q

polycythemia vera

A

general increase in red blood cells (erythremia).

86
Q

hemophilia

A

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors (factor VIII or IX) necessary for blood clotting.

87
Q

purpura

A

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin.

88
Q

petechiae

A

tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages.

89
Q

leukemia

A

increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes).

90
Q

granulocytosis

A

abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood.

91
Q

mononucleosis

A

infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. transmitted by Epstein-Barr virus.

92
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow.

93
Q

antiglobulin test

A

test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes.

94
Q

bleeding time

A

time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound.

95
Q

coagulation time

A

time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube.

96
Q

complete blood count (CBC)

A

determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values-MCH, MCV, MCHC

97
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma.

98
Q

hematocrit (Hct)

A

percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood.

99
Q

hemoglobin test

A

total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood.

100
Q

platelet count

A

number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood.

101
Q

prothrombin time (PT)

A

test of the ability of blood to clot

102
Q

red blood cell count (RBC)

A

number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood.

103
Q

red blood cell morphology

A

microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells.

104
Q

white blood cell count (WBC)

A

number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood.

105
Q

white blood cell differential [count]

A

percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood.

106
Q

apheresis

A

separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood.

107
Q

blood transfusion

A

whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient.

108
Q

bone marrow biopsy

A

microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle.

109
Q

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

A

peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient.

medical terminology (18 decks)

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