Chapter 22 Psychiatry Flashcards
affect
external expression of emotion, or emotional response
amnesia
loss of memory
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder with excessive dieting and refusal to maintain a normal body weight.
anxiety disorders
characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behavior; examples are panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder.
apathy
absence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement.
autism
pervasive development disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behavior.
bipolar disorder
mood disorder with alternating periods of mania and depression
bulimia nervosa
eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression.
cannabis
substance from which marijuana is made.
compulsion
uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly.
conversion disorder
condition marked by physical symptoms with no organic basis, appearing as a result of anxiety and unconscious inner conflict.
defense mechanism
unconscious technique (coping mechanism) a person uses to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety. It protects the individual against anxiety and stress; examples are acting out, denial, and repression.
delirium
confused thinking, disorientation, changes in alertness, difficulty paying attention, and fearfulness. This is usually a reversible impairment in thinking. Delirium tremens is associated with alcohol withdrawal.
delusion
fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence.
dementia
loss of intellectual abilities with impairment of memory, judgement, and reasoning as well as changes in personality.
depression
major mood disorder with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, and discouragement and, commonly, suicidal impulses and thoughts.
dissociative disorder
chronic or sudden disturbance in memory, identity, or consciousness; examples are multiple personality disorder, psychogenic disorders, amnesia, and fugue.
ego
central coordinating branch of the personality or mind.
fugue
flight from customary surroundings; dissociative disorder.
gender identity disorder
strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex.
hallucination
false sensory perception (hearing voices and seeing things).
id
major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives and desires.
labile
unstable; undergoing rapid emotional change.
mania
extreme excitement, hyperactive elation, and agitation.
mood disorders
prolonged emotion dominates a person’s life; examples or bipolar and depressive disorders.
mutism
nonreactive state with inability to speak (aphonia).
obsessive-compulsive disorder
anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts dominate behavior.
paranoia
overly suspicious system of thinking; fixed delusions that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated.
paraphilia
recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior that involves unusual objects, activities, or situations.
personality disorders
lifelong personality patterns marked by inflexibility and impairment of social functioning.
pervasive developmental disorders
group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills; autism and Asperger syndrome are examples.
phobia
irrational or disabling fear (avoidance) of an object or situation.
post-traumatic stress disorder
anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event.
projective (personality) test
diagnostic personality test using unstructured stimuli to evoke responses that reflects aspects of an individual’s personality.
psychiatrist
physician (MD) with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders.
psychologist
nonmedical professional specializing in mental processes and how the brain functions in health and disease.
psychosis
a disorder marked by loss of contact with reality; often with delusions and hallucinations
reality testing
psychological process that distinguishes fact from fantasy; severely impaired in psychosis.
repression
defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and impulses are automatically pushed into the unconscious, out of awareness.
schizophrenia
chronic psychotic disorder that may include hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, flat affect, and lack of initiative.
sexual disorders
paraphilias and sexual dysfunctions.
somatoform disorder
presence of physical symptoms that cannot be explained by an actual physical disorder or other well-described mental disorder such as depression.
substance-related disorder
regular overuse of psychoactive substances (alcohol, amphetamines) that affect the central nervous system.
superego
internalized conscience and moral part of the personality.
amphetamines
central nervous system stimulants that may be used to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and depression
atypical antipsychotics
drugs that treat psychotic symptoms and behavior (schizophrenia, bipolar disease)
benzodiazepines
drugs that lessen anxiety, tension, agitation, and panic attacks.
cognitive behavioral therapy
focuses on the connection between behavior and thoughts. Conditioning is used to relieve anxiety and improve symptoms of illness.
electroconvulsive therapy
electric current is used to produce changes in brain wave patterns with resulting convulsions and loss of consciousness; effective in the treatment of major depression. Modern techniques use anesthesia, so the convulsion is not observable.
family therapy
treatment of an entire family to resolve and shed light on conflicts.
free association
psychoanalytic technique in which the patient verbalizes, without censorship, the passing contents of his or her mind.
group therapy
group of patients with similar problems gain insight into their personalities through discussion and interaction with each other.
hypnosis
trance is used to increase the pace of psychotherapy. (state of altered consciousness)
insight-oriented therapy
face-to-face discussion of life problems and associated feelings. The patient tells his or her story and has the opportunity to connect emotional paterns in his or her life history with present concerns.
lithium
medication used to treat the manic stage of manic-depressive illness
neuroleptic drug
any drug that favorably modifies psychotic symptoms.
phenothiazines
antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs
play therapy
treatment in which a child, through use of toys in a playroom setting, expresses conflicts and feelings unable to be communicated in a direct manner.
psychoanalysis
treatment that allows the patient to explore inner emotions and conflicts so as to understand and change current behavior.
psychodrama
group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out family and social roles with other patients.
psychopharmacology
treatment of psychiatric disorders with drugs.
sedatives
drugs that lessen anxiety.
supportive psychotherapy
offering encouragement, support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events.
transference
psychoanalytic process in which the patient relates to the therapist as though the therapist were a prominent childhood figure.
tricyclic antidepressants
drugs used to treat severe depression; three-ringed fused structure.
anxi/o
uneasy, anxious, distressed
aut/o
self
hallucin/o
hallucination, to wander in the mind
hypn/o
sleep
iatr/o
treatment
ment/o
mind
neur/o
nerve
phil/o
attraction to, love
phren/o
mind
psych/o
mind
schiz/o
split
somat/o
body
-genic
produced by
-leptic
to seize hold of
-mania
obsessive preoccupation
-phobia
fear
-phoria
feeling, bearing
-thymia
mind
cata-
down
hypo-
deficient, less than, below
para-
abnormal
