Chapter 8 Definitions

Question 1

lipids

Answer 1

any fat-soluble (lipophilic), naturally-occurring molecule, such as fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (Vit ADEK), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others

Question 2

fatty acid

Answer 2

a carboxylic acid, often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated

Question 3

saturated

Answer 3

fatty acids that contain no double bonds between C atoms

Question 4

unsaturated

Answer 4

fatty acids that contain 1 or more double bonds between C atoms

Question 5

Cis configuration

Answer 5

arrangement of H atoms around a C-C double bond in a fatty acid in which the H atoms are on the same side of the hydrocarbon chain

Question 6

trans configuration

Answer 6

arrangement of H atoms around a C-C double bond in a fatty acid in which the H atoms are on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain

Question 7

hydrogenation

Answer 7

process of removing C-C double bonds in a fatty acid by adding H atoms

Question 8

essential fatty acid

Answer 8

a fatty acid required in the diet because of an inability of the animal to synthesize that fatty acid

Question 9

triglyceride

Answer 9

a glycerol esterified to 3 fatty acids; the main component of animal and plant lipid stores

Question 10

compound lipids

Answer 10

esters of fatty acids containing non-lipid substances

Question 11

phospholipid

Answer 11

derivative of triglycerides containing glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and 1 phosphate group

Question 12

glycolipid

Answer 12

a phospholipid to which a carbohydrate chain is attached

Question 13

lipoprotein

Answer 13

a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids

Question 14

bile salts

Answer 14

cholesterol-based detergent involved in reducing lipid droplet side in the intestine; essential for efficient fat absorption

Question 15

micelle

Answer 15

small lipid droplet in the intestine containing fatty acids, monoglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol, with bile salts on the surface

Question 16

chylomicron

Answer 16

lipid droplets exported from the intestinal cell following lipid absorption. Contains triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and protein

Question 17

beta oxidation

Answer 17

sequential removal of 2C units from a fatty acid chain for the production of energy

Question 18

eicosanoids

Answer 18

hormone like derivatives of 20C polyunsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic acid and EPA)

Question 19

free radical

Answer 19

molecule having an unpaired e- that can make it highly reactive towards other substances

Question 20

lipid oxidation

Answer 20

chemical decomposition of lipids caused by oxidation of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids

Question 21

antioxidant

Answer 21

a compound that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules