Chapter 6-7 definitions

Question 1

Macrominerals

Answer 1

minerals required in the diet at relatively high levels (more than about 100mg/d for humans); generally present in the body at >0.01% of body weight

Question 2

microminerals

Answer 2

minerals required in the diet at relatively low levels (less than about 100mg/d for humans); generally present in the body at <0.01% of body weight

Question 3

hydroxyapatite

Answer 3

main inorganic component of bone, making up ~70% of the weight of the bone. Contains Ca, P, O, and H

Question 4

Parturient Paresis

Answer 4

paralysis due to a sudden drop in blood Ca following onset of milk production; often called “milk fever”

Question 5

Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 5

excessive bone resorption due to high levels of parathyroid hormone release associated with long term consumption of low Ca, high P diets

Question 6

Pica

Answer 6

deranged appetite caused by specific mineral deficiencies

Question 7

premix

Answer 7

a mixture of ingredients designed to be mixed with other ingredients before use in a complete feed

Question 8

metalloenzyme

Answer 8

an enzyme that contains one or more metal atoms as an integral part of its structure

Question 9

goiter

Answer 9

enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by an iodine deficiency

Question 10

Indispensable (essential) amino acid

Answer 10

an amino acid that cannot be synthesized by the animal and must be provided in sufficient quantities in the diet

Question 11

dispensable (non-essential) amino acid

Answer 11

an amino acid that can be synthesized by the animal, and does not need to be provided in the diet

Question 12

conditionally indispensable amino acid

Answer 12

an amino acid required under certain conditions in amounts greater than can be synthesized by the animal

Question 13

semi-indispensable amino acid

Answer 13

an amino acid that can be synthesized by the animal but only from an indispensable precursor

Question 14

peptides

Answer 14

chains of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Question 15

polypeptides

Answer 15

chains of large numbers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds

Question 16

proteins

Answer 16

a chain of amino acids (hundreds to thousands) joined together with peptide bonds

Question 17

endopeptidase

Answer 17

a protein- degrading enzyme that cleaves bonds within a peptide chain

Question 18

exopeptidase

Answer 18

a protein-degrading enzyme that cleaves bonds from the end of a peptide chain

Question 19

Liebig’s Law of the Minimum

Answer 19

a crop’s yield is restricted by the lack of a single element, even though there may be sufficient quantities of all other essential nutrients
can be extended to animal nutrition

Question 20

bypass protein

Answer 20

dietary protein which is not degraded by microbial action in the rumen