Chapter 11- ANF and Toxins (Dec 3) Flashcards
Sinapine is contained in _______ / ____ and high levels of it reduce ____
rapeseed meal/ canola
performance
what causes a fishy taint in eggs?
tri-methyl amine (TMA) accumulated in tissues
- some strains of chickens lack TMA oxidase to break down TMA/ Sinapine
what are the 5 ANF Glycosides?
- cyanogenic glycosides
- goitrogenic glycosides
- coumarin
- vicine and convicine
- saponins
what allows cyanogenic glycoside reaction to take place?
frost and seed disruptions
what reaction takes place in cyanogenic glycosides?
cytochrome oxidase cleaves to form free sugar +HCN
goitrogenic glycosides lead to the formation of
goiters
what are 2 goitrogenic glycosides?
-what do they do?
thioesters= give “hot” taste to mustard, horseradish
goitrin= interferes with thyroid activity and iodine metabolism
coumarin is similar to ___
warfarin
explain the glucose- coumarin relationship in plants
dicoumarol (vitamin K antagonist) –> reduce blood clot formation, reduce risk of stroke (like warfarin)
vicine and convicine are found in ___ ___ and metabolize into a __ product
faba beans
toxic
This is Matt’s research!
what do vicine and convicine cause?
red blood cell fragility
- causes hemolytic anemia (red blood cells breaking apart)
which ANF glycoside is detergent-like?
saponin
saponins have a CHO bound to a ___
this makes them ___-__
steroid
detergent-like
___ and ___ sometimes have problems with saponins
alfalfa, yucca
what issue can be caused in ruminants by saponins?
frothy bloat
froth in rumen, pressure builds up, difficult for animal to belch, rumen expands
what are some other ANF?
- phytoestrogens
- metal-binding agents
- phytate
- phytase
- oxalate
phytoestrogens are plant sterols resembling ___
- they interfere with normal ___ ____
estrogen
estrogen signalling
which feeds contain some compounds that are structurally similar to estrogen?
clover, alfalfa, soy
Plant phosphorus is largely bound to ___
why is this an issue?
phytate
interferes with P absorption in animals b/c they have low phytase
what does phytate do?
- decreases P availability, as well as other metals (cations)
- reduces ability for the body to get at these other minerals as well –> can also bind to fats, CHO, etc and reduce availability of these nutrients
in the low phytate tortilla study, the absorption of __ was ____
iron
increased
what does phytase do?
removes phosphate groups from inositol ring (phytate)
monogastrics produce __ levels of phytase and rumen microbes produce ___ levels of phytase
low
high
Oxalate is a ___-___ agent that is present in:
metal-binding
pigweed, rhubarb leaves, some in spinach
