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Biology 105 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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0
Q

Creation of a genetically identical offspring by a single parent

A

Asexual reproduction

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1
Q

The third stage of mitosis - sister chromatids separate

A

Anaphase

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2
Q

A chromosome not involved in determining gender

A

Autosome

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3
Q

An abnormal mass of cells that remains at it’s original site in the body

A

Benign tumor

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4
Q

Growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division

A

Cancer

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5
Q

Ordered sequence of events from when cell is first created until it divides into two separate cells

A

Cell cycle

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6
Q

Set of proteins that triggers and coordinates events in cell cycle

A

Cell cycle control system

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7
Q

The reproduction of a cell

A

Cell division

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8
Q

Membranous disk that forms across midline of dividing plant cell - eventually fuses into a new cell wall

A

Cell plate

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9
Q

Region of chromosome where sister chromatids are attached

A

Centromere

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10
Q

Material in cytoplasm that creates the microtubules essential in cell division

A

Centrosome

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11
Q

Cancer treatment where drugs are administered to disrupt cell division

A

Chemotherapy

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12
Q

Site where chromatids cross over in prophase I

A

Chaisma

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13
Q

Combination of chromosomes and proteins that makes chromosomes

A

Chromatids

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14
Q

Gene carrying structure in nucleus of eukaryotic cells - consists of DNA strands wrapped around proteins

A

Chromosomes

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15
Q

First sign of cell division in animal cells - shallow groove in surface of cell

A

Cleavage furrow

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16
Q

Exchange of segments of chromosomes in prophase I

A

Crossing over

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17
Q

Division of cytoplasm during telophase to form two daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

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18
Q

Containing two sets of chromosomes in each cell; each set inherited from each parent

A

Diploid

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19
Q

Human genetic disorder created by presence of extra chromosome 21

A

Down syndrome

20
Q

Union of a haploid sperm cell with haploid egg cell - produces zygote

A

Fertilization

21
Q

A sex cell - sperm or egg

A

Gamete

22
Q

Offspring have genes that differ from both parents

A

Genetic recombination

23
Q

Contains single set of chromosomes

A

Haploid

24
Q

Small protein in chromosome that DNA wraps around

A

Histone

25
Q

the two chromosomes that make matched pair in diploid cell

A

Homologous chromosome

26
Q

Period in cell cycle where cell is not dividing - metabolic activity is high (90% of cell cycle)

A

Interphase

27
Q

Display of chromosomes of cell

A

Karyotype

28
Q

Sequence in stages of life of an organism

A

Life cycle

29
Q

Cancerous tissue that spreads into neighboring tissue

A

Malignant tumor

30
Q

In sexual reproduction, the process of one diploid cell dividing into four haploid daughter cells - produce gametes in reproductive organs in parents

A

Meiosis

31
Q

Second stage of mitosis where centromeres of chromosomes line up in middle

A

Metaphase

32
Q

Spread of cancer cells

A

Metastasis

33
Q

Division of single nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei

A

Mitosis

34
Q

Phase of mitosis where nucleus divides and chromosomes are distributed into daughter nuclei

A

Mitotic (M) phase

35
Q

Moves chromosomes in mitosis; made up of micro tubules

A

Mitotic spindle

36
Q

Place in eukaryotic cell where DNA is packed - DNA wrapped around 8 histone molecules

A

Nucleosome

37
Q

Accident in mitosis or meiosis where sister chromatids fail to separate

A

Nondisjunction

38
Q

First stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense and move through mitotic spindle

A

Prophase

39
Q

Cancer treatment where cancerous areas are subjected to high intensity radiation

A

Radiation therapy

40
Q

Chromosome that determines gender of offspring - either X or Y chromosome provided by father

A

Sex chromosome

41
Q

Production of offspring by fusion of two haploid sex cells

A

Sexual reproduction

42
Q

One of two identical parts of separated chromosome

A

Sister chromatid

43
Q

A body cell in multicellular organisms

A

Somatic cell

44
Q

Fourth and final state of mitosis where daughter chromatids form and cell separates into two new ones

A

Telophase

45
Q

21st chromosome that causes down syndrome

A

Trisomy 21

46
Q

Abnormal mass of cells that forms within normal tissue

A

Tumor

47
Q

Fertilized egg

A

Zygote

Biology 105 (17 decks)

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