Chapter 2 Flashcards
A solution in which water is the solvent
Aqueous solution
Substance that increases H+ concentration in a solution
Acid
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
Atom
The number of protons in each particular element
Atomic number
A substance that decreases the H+ concentration in a solution
Base
A chemical substance that resists change in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions
Buffer
Attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outershell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms
Chemical bond
A process leading to chemical changes in matter
Chemical reaction
Attraction between molecules of the same kind
Cohesion
Substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio
Compound
Attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of outershell electrons
Covalent bond
Subatomic particle with a single unit of negative charge
Electron
Substance that cannot be broken down further into other substances
Element
Property of water whereby a body becomes cooler as water evaporates from
Evaporative cooling
Amount of kinetic energy contained in the movement of atoms in molecules in a body of matter
Heat
Weak chemical bond formed when partially positive hydrogen atom is attracted to partially negative atom in a polar molecule
Hydrogen bond
An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons
Ion
Attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges
Ionic bond
Variant form of an atom with same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons
Isotope
Measure of the amount of material in an object
Mass
Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus
mass number
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Matter
Group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Molecule
An electrically neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom
Neutron
Atom’s central core containing protons and neutrons
Nucleus
Measure of the relative acidity of a solution ranging from 0 to 14
pH scale
Molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends
Polar molecule
Ending material in chemical reaction
Product
Subatomic particle with a positive charge
Proton
An isotope who’s nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy
Radioactive isotope
Starting material in chemical reaction
Reactant
Substance that is dissolved in a solution
Solute
Liquid consisting of a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Solution
Dissolving agent in a solution
Solvent
Measure of the intensity of heat
Temperature
Element that is essential for the survival of an organism but is needed only in minute quantities
Trace element
