Chapter 13

Question 0

A genetic drift resulting from a drastic reduction in population size

Answer 0

Bottleneck effect

Question 1

The study of the geographic distribution of species

Answer 1

Biogeography

Question 2

The comparison of body structures in different species

Answer 2

Comparative anatomy

Question 3

Natural selection that acts in favor of the individuals at one end of the phenotypic range

Answer 3

Directional selection

Question 4

Natural selection that favors extreme over intermediate phenotypes

Answer 4

Disruptive selection

Question 5

Descent with modification; genetic change in population or species over generation; the heritable changes that have produced Earth’s diversity of organisms

Answer 5

Evolution

Question 6

A populations increase in the frequency of trait suited to the environment

Answer 6

Evolutionary adaptation

Question 7

A branching diagram that reflects a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms

Answer 7

Evolutionary tree

Question 8

The order and sequence of fossils as they appear in rock layers marking the passage of geologic time

Answer 8

Fossil record

Question 9

A preserved in print or remains of an organism that lived in the past

Answer 9

Fossil

Question 10

The genetic drift resulting from the establishment of small, new population whose gene pool differs from that of the parent population

Answer 10

Founder effect

Question 11

The gain or loss of alleles from a population by the movement of the individuals or gametes into or out of the population

Answer 11

gene flow

Question 12

All the genes in a population at any one time

Answer 12

Gene pool

Question 13

A change in a gene pool of the population due to chance

Answer 13

Genetic drift

Question 14

The condition describing a non-involving population

Answer 14

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

Question 15

Anatomical similarity due to common ancestry

Answer 15

Homology

Question 16

A change in a population seen pool over a succession of generations; evolutionary changes in species over relatively brief periods of geologic time

Answer 16

Microevolution

Question 17

Hey comprehensive theory of evolution that incorporates genetics includes most of Darwins ideas focusing on populations is the fundamental units of evolution

Answer 17

Modern synthesis

Question 18

A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than other organisms with characteristics; differential reproductive success

Answer 18

Natural selection

Question 19

A group of interacting individuals belonging to one species and living in the same geographic area at the same time

Answer 19

Population

Question 20

The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next-generation relative to the contribution of other individuals of the population

Answer 20

Fitness

Question 21

A form of natural selection which individuals with certain characteristics are more likely than others to obtain mates

Answer 21

Sexual selection

Question 22

Distinction the parents based on secondary sexual characteristics, noticeable differences not directly associated with reproduction or survival

Answer 22

Sexual dimorphism

Question 23

Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes

Answer 23

Stabilizing selection

Question 24

A structure with little to no importance to an organism. A structure that is a historical remnant of one that had important function in ancestors

Answer 24

Vestigial structures