Chapter 13 Flashcards
A genetic drift resulting from a drastic reduction in population size
Bottleneck effect
The study of the geographic distribution of species
Biogeography
The comparison of body structures in different species
Comparative anatomy
Natural selection that acts in favor of the individuals at one end of the phenotypic range
Directional selection
Natural selection that favors extreme over intermediate phenotypes
Disruptive selection
Descent with modification; genetic change in population or species over generation; the heritable changes that have produced Earth’s diversity of organisms
Evolution
A populations increase in the frequency of trait suited to the environment
Evolutionary adaptation
A branching diagram that reflects a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms
Evolutionary tree
The order and sequence of fossils as they appear in rock layers marking the passage of geologic time
Fossil record
A preserved in print or remains of an organism that lived in the past
Fossil
The genetic drift resulting from the establishment of small, new population whose gene pool differs from that of the parent population
Founder effect
The gain or loss of alleles from a population by the movement of the individuals or gametes into or out of the population
gene flow
All the genes in a population at any one time
Gene pool
A change in a gene pool of the population due to chance
Genetic drift
The condition describing a non-involving population
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Anatomical similarity due to common ancestry
Homology
A change in a population seen pool over a succession of generations; evolutionary changes in species over relatively brief periods of geologic time
Microevolution
Hey comprehensive theory of evolution that incorporates genetics includes most of Darwins ideas focusing on populations is the fundamental units of evolution
Modern synthesis
A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than other organisms with characteristics; differential reproductive success
Natural selection
A group of interacting individuals belonging to one species and living in the same geographic area at the same time
Population
The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next-generation relative to the contribution of other individuals of the population
Fitness
A form of natural selection which individuals with certain characteristics are more likely than others to obtain mates
Sexual selection
Distinction the parents based on secondary sexual characteristics, noticeable differences not directly associated with reproduction or survival
Sexual dimorphism
Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes
Stabilizing selection
A structure with little to no importance to an organism. A structure that is a historical remnant of one that had important function in ancestors
Vestigial structures
