Chapter 13 Flashcards

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0
Q

A genetic drift resulting from a drastic reduction in population size

A

Bottleneck effect

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1
Q

The study of the geographic distribution of species

A

Biogeography

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2
Q

The comparison of body structures in different species

A

Comparative anatomy

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3
Q

Natural selection that acts in favor of the individuals at one end of the phenotypic range

A

Directional selection

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4
Q

Natural selection that favors extreme over intermediate phenotypes

A

Disruptive selection

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5
Q

Descent with modification; genetic change in population or species over generation; the heritable changes that have produced Earth’s diversity of organisms

A

Evolution

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6
Q

A populations increase in the frequency of trait suited to the environment

A

Evolutionary adaptation

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7
Q

A branching diagram that reflects a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms

A

Evolutionary tree

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8
Q

The order and sequence of fossils as they appear in rock layers marking the passage of geologic time

A

Fossil record

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9
Q

A preserved in print or remains of an organism that lived in the past

A

Fossil

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10
Q

The genetic drift resulting from the establishment of small, new population whose gene pool differs from that of the parent population

A

Founder effect

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11
Q

The gain or loss of alleles from a population by the movement of the individuals or gametes into or out of the population

A

gene flow

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12
Q

All the genes in a population at any one time

A

Gene pool

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13
Q

A change in a gene pool of the population due to chance

A

Genetic drift

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14
Q

The condition describing a non-involving population

A

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

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15
Q

Anatomical similarity due to common ancestry

A

Homology

16
Q

A change in a population seen pool over a succession of generations; evolutionary changes in species over relatively brief periods of geologic time

A

Microevolution

17
Q

Hey comprehensive theory of evolution that incorporates genetics includes most of Darwins ideas focusing on populations is the fundamental units of evolution

A

Modern synthesis

18
Q

A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than other organisms with characteristics; differential reproductive success

A

Natural selection

19
Q

A group of interacting individuals belonging to one species and living in the same geographic area at the same time

A

Population

20
Q

The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next-generation relative to the contribution of other individuals of the population

A

Fitness

21
Q

A form of natural selection which individuals with certain characteristics are more likely than others to obtain mates

A

Sexual selection

22
Q

Distinction the parents based on secondary sexual characteristics, noticeable differences not directly associated with reproduction or survival

A

Sexual dimorphism

23
Q

Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes

A

Stabilizing selection

24
Q

A structure with little to no importance to an organism. A structure that is a historical remnant of one that had important function in ancestors

A

Vestigial structures