Chapter 3 Flashcards
Cardiovascular disease in which plaque grows on inside of arteries
Atherosclerosis
And organic molecule containing a carboxyl group, an amino group, hydrogen atom and a variable sidechain; serves as a monomer of proteins
Amino acid
Biological molecule consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
Carbohydrate
Polysaccharide that provides structural support in plant cell walls
Cellulose
Polymer forms when monomers are linked by removal of water molecules
Dehydration reaction
Protein unravels and loses ability to function
Denaturation
Sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharides linked by dehydration reaction
Disaccharide
Genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents
DNA
Twisted ladder shape of DNA
Double helix
Large lipid molecule made from an alcohol called glycerol and three fatty acids
Fat
Atoms that form the chemically reactive part of an organic molecule
Functional group
Unit of inheritance in DNA consisting of specific nucleotide sequence
Gene
Polysaccharide made up of many glucose monomers
Glycogen
Chemical compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbon
The process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by the addition of hydrogen
Hydrogenation
Macromolecules are broken down by addition of water
Hydrolysis
Water loving
Hydrophilic
Water-fearing
Hydrophobic
One of two or more molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures and thus different properties
Isomer
A hydrophobic and insoluble in water organic compound
Lipid
A giant molecule in a living organism. Examples include proteins polysaccharides and nucleic acid
Macromolecule
Chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer
Monomer
Smallest kind of sugar molecule; single unit of sugar
Monosaccharide
Polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers
Nucleic acid
Organic monomer consisting of a five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
Nucleotide
A chemical compound containing the element carbon and usually synthesized by cells
Organic compound
Covalent bond between two amino acids in a polypeptide formed by dehydration reaction
Peptide bond
Large molecule consisting of monomers
Polymer
Chain of amino acids linked by peptide bond
Polypeptide
Carbohydrate polymer consisting of many sugars
Polysaccharide
The first level of the protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain
Primary structure
Biological polymer constructed from amino acid monomers
Protein
Ribonucleic acid functions in protein synthesis
RNA
Fatty acid whose hydrocarbon chain contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms
Saturated
Polysaccharide found in roots of plants and other certain cells
Starch
Type of lipid who’s carbon skeleton is in the form of four fused rings: 3 6 sided rings and one five sided ring examples are cholesterol testosterone and estrogen
Steroid
Alternate chain of sugar and phosphate to which DNA and RNA nitrogenous bases are attached
Sugar phosphate backbone
Unsaturated fatty acid produced by partial hydrogenation a vegetable oils
Trans fat
Dietary fat that consists of molecule of glycerol linked to three molecules of fatty acid
Triglyceride
Fatty acid whose hydrocarbon chain lack the maximum number of hydrogen atoms
Unsaturated
