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Biology 105 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Cardiovascular disease in which plaque grows on inside of arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

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1
Q

And organic molecule containing a carboxyl group, an amino group, hydrogen atom and a variable sidechain; serves as a monomer of proteins

A

Amino acid

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2
Q

Biological molecule consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

A

Carbohydrate

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3
Q

Polysaccharide that provides structural support in plant cell walls

A

Cellulose

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4
Q

Polymer forms when monomers are linked by removal of water molecules

A

Dehydration reaction

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5
Q

Protein unravels and loses ability to function

A

Denaturation

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6
Q

Sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharides linked by dehydration reaction

A

Disaccharide

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7
Q

Genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents

A

DNA

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8
Q

Twisted ladder shape of DNA

A

Double helix

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9
Q

Large lipid molecule made from an alcohol called glycerol and three fatty acids

A

Fat

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10
Q

Atoms that form the chemically reactive part of an organic molecule

A

Functional group

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11
Q

Unit of inheritance in DNA consisting of specific nucleotide sequence

A

Gene

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12
Q

Polysaccharide made up of many glucose monomers

A

Glycogen

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13
Q

Chemical compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen

A

Hydrocarbon

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14
Q

The process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by the addition of hydrogen

A

Hydrogenation

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15
Q

Macromolecules are broken down by addition of water

A

Hydrolysis

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16
Q

Water loving

A

Hydrophilic

17
Q

Water-fearing

A

Hydrophobic

18
Q

One of two or more molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures and thus different properties

A

Isomer

19
Q

A hydrophobic and insoluble in water organic compound

A

Lipid

20
Q

A giant molecule in a living organism. Examples include proteins polysaccharides and nucleic acid

A

Macromolecule

21
Q

Chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer

A

Monomer

22
Q

Smallest kind of sugar molecule; single unit of sugar

A

Monosaccharide

23
Q

Polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers

A

Nucleic acid

24
Q

Organic monomer consisting of a five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group

A

Nucleotide

25
Q

A chemical compound containing the element carbon and usually synthesized by cells

A

Organic compound

26
Q

Covalent bond between two amino acids in a polypeptide formed by dehydration reaction

A

Peptide bond

27
Q

Large molecule consisting of monomers

A

Polymer

28
Q

Chain of amino acids linked by peptide bond

A

Polypeptide

29
Q

Carbohydrate polymer consisting of many sugars

A

Polysaccharide

30
Q

The first level of the protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain

A

Primary structure

31
Q

Biological polymer constructed from amino acid monomers

A

Protein

32
Q

Ribonucleic acid functions in protein synthesis

A

RNA

33
Q

Fatty acid whose hydrocarbon chain contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms

A

Saturated

34
Q

Polysaccharide found in roots of plants and other certain cells

A

Starch

35
Q

Type of lipid who’s carbon skeleton is in the form of four fused rings: 3 6 sided rings and one five sided ring examples are cholesterol testosterone and estrogen

A

Steroid

36
Q

Alternate chain of sugar and phosphate to which DNA and RNA nitrogenous bases are attached

A

Sugar phosphate backbone

37
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid produced by partial hydrogenation a vegetable oils

A

Trans fat

38
Q

Dietary fat that consists of molecule of glycerol linked to three molecules of fatty acid

A

Triglyceride

39
Q

Fatty acid whose hydrocarbon chain lack the maximum number of hydrogen atoms

A

Unsaturated

Biology 105 (17 decks)

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