Chapter 10 Flashcards
Late stages of HIV infection characterized by severe infections. Is often an STD
AIDS
Nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA - represented by A
Adenine
Found on tRNA molecules - sequence of three molecules that is complementary to codon in mRNA
Anticodon
A virus that affects and “eats” a bacteria
Bacteriophage
Nucleotides added to beginning of mRNA
Cap
Three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies amino acid/polypeptide termination signal. A basic unit of genetic coding
Codon
Nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA - represented by C
Cytosine
Enzyme that assembles DNA using a preexisting strand of DNA as a template
DNA polymerase
Virus that has appeared suddenly or recently come to attention
Emerging virus
Coding portion of a gene in eukaryotes
Exon
Set of rules giving correspondence between nucleotides in mRNA and proteins
genetic code
Nitrogenous base represented by G
Guanine
Virus that attakcs human immune system and causes AIDS
HIV
Noncoding portion of a gene that is removed from RNA transcription
Intron
Bacteriophage reproductive cycle where genome is incorporated into host and reproduces
Lysogenic cycle
Release of viruses in a cell by cellular lysing (breaking open)
Lytic cycle
Codes information from DNA and coveys it to ribosomes in order to make RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Study of molecular basis of heredity
Molecular biology
Chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes mutations
Mutagen
Five carbon sugar covalently bonded to nitrogenous base and a phosphate group - building block of nucleic acids
Nucleotide
Polymer made up of many nucleotides
Polynucleotide
Infectious protein that spreads by converting more proteins
Prion
Where transcription begins - nucleotide sequence and bonding site for RNA
Promoter
Phage DNA that has inserted to DNA of a prokaryotic chromosome
Prophage
Viral DNA that inserts into a host genome
Provirus
RNA virus that reproduces by removing existing RNA strand and entering DNA code
Retrovirus
Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA onto RNA
Reverse transcriptase
Type of ribonucleic acid that makes up ribosomes - most abundant type of RNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Enzyme that links strand of RNA using DNA strand as a template
RNA polymerase
Removal of introns and joining of exons in eukaryotic RNA. Forms mRNA molecule with continuous coding sequence
RNA splicing
On mRNA, specific nucleotide sequence (AUG) to which further tRNA molecule binds and begins to translate genetic info
Start codon
In mRNA, one of the three nucleotide sequences (UAG,UAA,UGA) that signals gene translation to stop
Stop codon
Alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which DNA and RNA bind
Sugar phosphate backbone
Extra nucleotides at the end of RNA transcript
Tail
Special sequence in DNA that marks end of a gene. Signals new RNA molecule to release
Terminator
Nitrogenous base represented by T
Thymine
Synthesis of RNA on a DNA template
Transcription
Ribonucleic acid that transfers info from mRNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Synthesis of polypeptide using information in mRNA
Translation
Nitrogenous base represented by U - found only in RNA
Uracil
Microscopic particle capable of transferring genetic information into host cell. Can cause disease
Virus
