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Biology 105 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Late stages of HIV infection characterized by severe infections. Is often an STD

A

AIDS

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1
Q

Nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA - represented by A

A

Adenine

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2
Q

Found on tRNA molecules - sequence of three molecules that is complementary to codon in mRNA

A

Anticodon

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3
Q

A virus that affects and “eats” a bacteria

A

Bacteriophage

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4
Q

Nucleotides added to beginning of mRNA

A

Cap

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5
Q

Three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies amino acid/polypeptide termination signal. A basic unit of genetic coding

A

Codon

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6
Q

Nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA - represented by C

A

Cytosine

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7
Q

Enzyme that assembles DNA using a preexisting strand of DNA as a template

A

DNA polymerase

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8
Q

Virus that has appeared suddenly or recently come to attention

A

Emerging virus

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9
Q

Coding portion of a gene in eukaryotes

A

Exon

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10
Q

Set of rules giving correspondence between nucleotides in mRNA and proteins

A

genetic code

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11
Q

Nitrogenous base represented by G

A

Guanine

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12
Q

Virus that attakcs human immune system and causes AIDS

A

HIV

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13
Q

Noncoding portion of a gene that is removed from RNA transcription

A

Intron

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14
Q

Bacteriophage reproductive cycle where genome is incorporated into host and reproduces

A

Lysogenic cycle

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15
Q

Release of viruses in a cell by cellular lysing (breaking open)

A

Lytic cycle

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16
Q

Codes information from DNA and coveys it to ribosomes in order to make RNA

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

17
Q

Study of molecular basis of heredity

A

Molecular biology

18
Q

Chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes mutations

A

Mutagen

19
Q

Five carbon sugar covalently bonded to nitrogenous base and a phosphate group - building block of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

20
Q

Polymer made up of many nucleotides

A

Polynucleotide

21
Q

Infectious protein that spreads by converting more proteins

A

Prion

22
Q

Where transcription begins - nucleotide sequence and bonding site for RNA

A

Promoter

23
Q

Phage DNA that has inserted to DNA of a prokaryotic chromosome

A

Prophage

24
Q

Viral DNA that inserts into a host genome

A

Provirus

25
Q

RNA virus that reproduces by removing existing RNA strand and entering DNA code

A

Retrovirus

26
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA onto RNA

A

Reverse transcriptase

27
Q

Type of ribonucleic acid that makes up ribosomes - most abundant type of RNA

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

28
Q

Enzyme that links strand of RNA using DNA strand as a template

A

RNA polymerase

29
Q

Removal of introns and joining of exons in eukaryotic RNA. Forms mRNA molecule with continuous coding sequence

A

RNA splicing

30
Q

On mRNA, specific nucleotide sequence (AUG) to which further tRNA molecule binds and begins to translate genetic info

A

Start codon

31
Q

In mRNA, one of the three nucleotide sequences (UAG,UAA,UGA) that signals gene translation to stop

A

Stop codon

32
Q

Alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which DNA and RNA bind

A

Sugar phosphate backbone

33
Q

Extra nucleotides at the end of RNA transcript

A

Tail

34
Q

Special sequence in DNA that marks end of a gene. Signals new RNA molecule to release

A

Terminator

35
Q

Nitrogenous base represented by T

A

Thymine

36
Q

Synthesis of RNA on a DNA template

A

Transcription

37
Q

Ribonucleic acid that transfers info from mRNA

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

38
Q

Synthesis of polypeptide using information in mRNA

A

Translation

39
Q

Nitrogenous base represented by U - found only in RNA

A

Uracil

40
Q

Microscopic particle capable of transferring genetic information into host cell. Can cause disease

A

Virus

Biology 105 (17 decks)

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