Chapter 12

Question 0

A single organism that is genetically identical to another because of somatic cell cloning

Answer 0

Clone

Question 1

The manipulation of living organisms to perform useful tasks

Answer 1

Biotechnology

Question 2

Enzyme that catalyzes covalent bonding of DNA nucleotides (zips)

Answer 2

DNA ligase

Question 3

Procedure that analyzes the DNA of a sample using electrophoresis and compares it to DNA of an individual in order to identify sample

Answer 3

DNA profiling

Question 4

Methods used to study of manipulate genetic material

Answer 4

DNA technology

Question 5

The scientific analysis of evidence for CSI or legal purposes

Answer 5

Forensics

Question 6

A technique for sorting macromolecules where molecules are placed on a gel and exposed to electricity. The molecules separate according to their rates of migration

Answer 6

Gel electrophoresis

Question 7

The production of multiple copies of a gene

Answer 7

Gene cloning

Question 8

The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes

Answer 8

Genetic engineering

Question 9

An organism that has acquired one or more genes by artificial means

Answer 9

GMO

Question 10

The study of whole sets of genes and their interactions

Answer 10

Genomics

Question 11

Attempt to treat disease by altering genes in humans

Answer 11

Human gene therapy

Question 12

The international collaborative effort to map the entire human genome

Answer 12

Human Genome Project

Question 13

In DNA technology, a single stranded nucleic acid molecule used to identify one specific gene or nucleotide sequence

Answer 13

Nucleic acid probe

Question 14

Small ring of self-replicating DNA separate from the chromosomes (found in prokaryotes and yeasts)

Answer 14

Plasmid

Question 15

Technique used to obtain many copies of DNA molecule where molecule is mixed with small amount of DNA polymerase in a test tube, causing the strand to replicate repeatedly

Answer 15

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 16

The systematic study of full protein sets encoded by genomes

Answer 16

Proteomics

Question 17

A DNA molecule containing genes from two or more sources

Answer 17

Recombinant DNA

Question 18

Nucleotide sequences that are present in many copies of DNA in a genome

Answer 18

Repetitive DNA

Question 19

Bacterial enzyme that cuts up foreign DNA and protects the bacteria from DNA of phases and other intruding organisms

Answer 19

Restriction enzyme

Question 20

A molecule of DNA produced from a longer DNA molecule cut up by a restriction enzyme

Answer 20

Restriction fragment

Question 21

Where the restriction enzyme breaks up the DNA molecule

Answer 21

Restriction site

Question 22

DNA consisting of short sequences of nucleotides in a row (tandem)

Answer 22

Short tandem repeat (STR)

Question 23

A method of DNA profiling that uses comparisons of lengths of STR sequences

Answer 23

STR analysis

Question 24

Organism that contains genes from another organism, usually from the same species

Answer 24

Transgenic organism

Question 25

A harmless variant of a pathogen used to stimulate a host organism’s immune system to mount a long term defense on the pathogen

Answer 25

Vaccine

Question 26

A piece of DNA, usually a plasmid or viral genome, used to move genes from one cell to another

Answer 26

Vector