Chapter 11

Question 0

Cell present in adult tissues that generates new cells for broken down ones

Answer 0

Adult stem cell

Question 1

A protein that switches on a gene or group of genes by binding to DNA

Answer 1

Activator

Question 2

Different mRNA molecules produced from same transcript depending on splicing of introns and exons

Answer 2

Alternative RNA splicing

Question 3

A cancer causing agent; radiation or chemical substance

Answer 3

Carcinogen

Question 4

Varying structure and function of cells depending on cell’s genes

Answer 4

Cellular differentiation

Question 5

DNA molecule made using mRNA as a transcript and the enzyme reverse transcriptase

Answer 5

Complementary DNA (cDNA)

Question 6

Glass slide containing thousands of kinds of DNA. Used to measure and compare strands

Answer 6

DNA microarray

Question 7

Any cells in embryo that differentiate and create varying kinds of cells

Answer 7

Embryonic stem cells (ES cells)

Question 8

DNA sequence that helps transcription when gene is far away. Uses activator to bind to

Answer 8

Enhancer

Question 9

Process where genetic info flows from genes to proteins. DNA➡️RNA➡️Protein

Answer 9

Gene expression

Question 10

Turning off and on of specific genes

Answer 10

Gene regulation

Question 11

Protein secreted by body cells to stimulate growth of other cells

Answer 11

Growth factor

Question 12

Master control gene that determines type of body structure to be made by controlling groups of cells

Answer 12

Homeotic gene

Question 13

Nucleus of one cell is placed into other

Answer 13

Nuclear transplantation

Question 14

Cancer causing gene that enhances growth factor

Answer 14

Oncogene

Question 15

Nucleotides near start of operon in prokaryotic DNA. Active repressive attaches here

Answer 15

Operator

Question 16

In prokaryotic DNA, group of genes with related functions that aid in transcription

Answer 16

Operon

Question 17

Where transcription begins in DNA. Bonding site for RNA polymerase

Answer 17

promoter

Question 18

Normal gene that can convert to cancer-causing gene

Answer 18

Pro oncogene

Question 19

The regrowth of body parts from pieces of an organism

Answer 19

Regeneration

Question 20

A protein that blocks ️RNA and transcription polymerase by bonding to the operator

Answer 20

Repressor

Question 21

Using a somatic cell from a multicellular organism to make one or more genetically identical individuals

Answer 21

Reproductive cloning

Question 22

A series of molecular changes that convert a signal on a target cell surface to a specific response inside the cell

Answer 22

Signal transduction pathway

Question 23

A eukaryotic DNA sequence that inhibits the start of gene transcription

Answer 23

Silencer

Question 24

Cloning of human cells by nuclear transplantation for therapeutic purposes such as replacement of body cells that have been damaged by disease or injury

Answer 24

Therapeutic cloning

Question 25

In eukaryotic cells, of protein that functions in initiating or regulating transcription

Answer 25

Transcription factor

Question 26

A gene whose product inhibits cell division thereby preventing uncontrolled cell growth

Answer 26

Tumor suppressor gene

Question 27

In female mammals, the inactivation of one X chromosome in each somatic cell

Answer 27

X chromosome inactivation