Chapter 5

Question 0

Energy in motion

Answer 0

Kinetic energy

Question 1

The capacity to perform work

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

The principle that states that it is impossible to create or destroy energy

Answer 2

The Law of Conservation of Energy

Question 3

Stored energy. Energy that an object has because of its location or structure

Answer 3

Potential energy

Question 4

The measure of the amount of disorder or randomness in a system

Answer 4

Entropy

Question 5

A form of potential energy that is stored in the molecular bonds of atoms in an object

Answer 5

Chemical energy

Question 6

A type of kinetic energy contained in the random motion of atoms and molecules

Answer 6

Heat

Question 7

The amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

Answer 7

Calorie

Question 8

Organic molecule with adenosine tail and three phosphate groups; provides energy for cellular work

Answer 8

ATP or Adenosine TriPhosphate

Question 9

ATP releases a phosphate tail to create energy and creates this molecule

Answer 9

ADP

Question 10

Total amount of all chemical reactions in an organism

Answer 10

Metabolism

Question 11

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

Answer 11

Enzymes

Question 12

The amount of energy required to break chemical bonds and begin a chemical reaction

Answer 12

Activation energy

Question 13

Specific substance that activates an enzyme

Answer 13

Substrate

Question 14

Region of enzyme with shape and structure of substrate

Answer 14

Active site

Question 15

Substrate enters active site and enzyme changes shape and embraces the molecule

Answer 15

Induced fit

Question 16

Molecules that disrupt enzyme function by binding to it (substrate imposters)

Answer 16

Enzyme inhibitors

Question 17

If metabolism is producing more of something than needed, process is shut off

Answer 17

Feedback regulation

Question 18

Membrane proteins that transfer substances across the cell membrane

Answer 18

Transport proteins

Question 19

Movement of molecules so that they become equally distributed in available space

Answer 19

Diffusion

Question 20

Transport without the use of energy

Answer 20

Passive transport

Question 21

A region in which a substance’s density changes

Answer 21

Concentration gradient

Question 22

Diffusion that occurs when substances are transported across the membrane by way of specific transport proteins

Answer 22

Facilitated diffusion

Question 23

Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

Answer 23

Osmosis

Question 24

Solution with higher concentration of a solute than an other is

Answer 24

Hypertonic

Question 25

Substance with lesser concentration of a solute than an other is

Answer 25

Hypotonic

Question 26

Solutions with equal concentration of a solute are

Answer 26

Isotonic

Question 27

Control of water balance

Answer 27

Osmoregulation

Question 28

The process in which plants loose water and the membrane pulls away from the cell wall, causing it to shrivel

Answer 28

Plasmolysis

Question 29

Transport that requires energy

Answer 29

Active transport

Question 30

Molecules leaving a cell or other membrane

Answer 30

Exocytosis

Question 31

Molecules entering a cell or other membrane

Answer 31

Endocytosis

Question 32

Cellular eating - cell engulfs particle

Answer 32

Phagocytosis

Question 33

Cellular drinking - cell forms vesicles and ingests fluid

Answer 33

Pinocytosis

Question 34

Certain molecules are bonded with receptor protiens in order to process them

Answer 34

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 35

Chain reaction of signals relating an outiside stimulant and the receptor proteins

Answer 35

Signal transduction pathway