Chapter 4 Flashcards
The theory that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells
Cell theory
A structure that connects animal cells to one another in a tissue
Cell Junction
Organelle found in plants that absorbs sunlight and uses it to power synthesis of sugars
Chloroplast
The combination of DNA and proteins that constitutes chromosomes
Chromatin
Gene carrying structure found in nucleus of eukaryotic cell and that is the main gene carrying structure of a prokaryotic cell
Chromosome
Membrane enclosed sack occupying most of the interior of a mature plant cell
Central vacuole
Folds on inner membrane of mitochondria
Crista
A meshwork a fine fibers in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell
Cytoskeleton
Everything inside eukaryotic cell between plasma membrane and nucleus
Cytoplasm
A network of organelles that partitions the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells into functional compartments
Endomembrane system
Facility in a cell that produces variety of molecules
Endoplasmic reticulum
Microscope that focuses is electron beam through surface of specimen
Electron microscope (EM)
Substance in which cells of an animal tissue are embedded; consists of proteins and polysaccharides
Extracellular matrix
Cellular membrane structure depicting a cellular membrane as a mosaic of diverse protein molecules
Fluid Mosaic
Tiny sack in eukaryotic cells cytoplasm that engulfs nutrients
Food vacuole
Long appendage that propels protists through the water
Flagella
Short appendage that propels some protist through the water
Cilia
Organelle that modifies ships and stores products of the endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Sites in prokaryotic cell that traps light
Grana
Microscope that refracts and bends visible light to magnify images
Light microscope (LM)
Digestive organelle in eukaryotic cell
Lysosome
Thickest of fibers making up cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cell
Microtubule
Thick fluid within inner membrane of mitochondria
Matrix
Organelle in eukaryotic cells were cellular respiration occurs and where ATP is made
Mitochondria
Increase in apparent size of object
Magnification
Genetic control center of eukaryotic cell
Nucleus
Membrane surrounding nucleus and separating it from cell
nuclear envelope
Structure with the nucleus of eukaryotic cell where RNA is made and assembled with proteins
Nucleolus
Membrane-enclosed structure with specialized function in a eukaryotic cell
Organelle
Thin layer of lipids and proteins that separates cell from surroundings
Plasma membrane
Molecule with hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail that makes up membrane of cell
Phospholipid
Double layer of phospholipids molecules
Phospholipid bilayer
Cell that lacks organelles and nucleus
Prokaryotic cell
Measure of clarity in image in a microscope
Resolving power
Organelle consisting of RNA and protein that is the site of protein synthesis
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. Constructs membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum lacking ribosomes. Contains enzymes and synthesizes lipids
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Microscope that uses electron beam to study surface architecture of a cell
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
Microscope that uses electron beam to study internal structure of specimens
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Tiny membrane sphere in the cell’s cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by cell
Transport vesicles
