Chapter 8 Flashcards
- regulates all biological processes in the body all-throughout life
- development of the brain and nervous system, the growth and function of the reproductive system, as well as the metabolism
endocrine system
primary endocrine glands
pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, islets of langerhans, adrenals, ovaries/testes
regulate growth, development, mood, tissue function,
metabolism, and sexual function.
hormones
- a collection of specialized cells located in the brain, and is the primary link between the two systems.
- produces chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions of the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
the body’s ‘master gland’ because it controls the
activity of most other hormone-secreting glands.
pituitary gland
- a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell
reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. - aka. somatotropin
- growth and development of muscles, bones, organs
growth hormone
essential for the growth of the adrenal cortex and stimulating the release of its hormone.
adrenocorticotropin
essential for the growth and development of the thyroid gland.
thyroid-stimulating hormone
- It stimulates the growth ovarian follicles in the female and the production of sperm in the male.
- it stimulates testicular growth in males and helps produce a protein that plays a vital role in male fertility by aiding in the creation of normal sperm cells and maintaining them
until they are ready to be released.
follicle-stimulating hormone
is a gonadotropic hormone stimulating the development of corpus luteum in the female ovarian follicles and the
production of testosterone in the male.
luteinizing hormone
stimulates the development and growth of the
mammary glands and milk production during
pregnancy.
prolactin
regulates skin pigmentation and promotes the deposit of
melanin in the skin after exposure to sunlight
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
stimulates the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules.
Hyposecretion of this hormone can result in diabetes insipidus
antidiuretic hormone
stimulates the uterus to contract during labor, delivery, and parturition. A synthetic version of this hormone, used to induce labor, is called Pitocin. It also stimulates the mammary glands to release milk.
oxytocin
a pea-sized conical mass of tissue behind the third
ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormone-like
substance in some mammals.
pineal gland
- communicates information about environmental
lighting to various parts of the body. - has some effect on sleep/awake cycles and other biological events connected to them, such as a lower
production of gastric secretions at night.
melatonin
[ ] suppresses the body’s release of melatonin, a hormone that makes us feel drowsy.
blue light
a neurotransmitter that regulates intestinal movements and affects appetite, mood, sleep, anger, and metabolism.
serotonin