Chapter 1 Flashcards
self-regulating a state of balance within the body despite changes in the conditions of the external environment
homeostasis
body system in charge of homeostasis
nervous and endocrine system
the optimal/normal value of condition of temperature, pH, oxygen level
set point
deviations from set point can lead to
negative and positive feedback
the goal is to decrease the factor/condition in order to maintain homeostasis
negative feedback
the goal is to increase the factor/condition in order to achieve homeostasis
positive feedback
harmful feedbacks
rising temperature during infection
study of body structures and relationship between structures and function
anatomy
approaches in studying anatomy
systemic, regional, surface
deals with organ system level
systemic
deals with the area of the body
regional
deals with external features/projections
surface
study of functions and processes of living things. body’s response to stimuli and maintenance of stable internal conditions
physiology
approaches in studying physiology
cellular and systemic
pertains to processes inside the cell
cellular
pertains to the functions of an organ system
systemic
interaction and relationship of individual
body parts to perform a specific function
organization
ability to use energy to perform vital function (growth, movement, reproduction)
metabolism
ability to sense and respond to stimuli
responsiveness
increase of cell number resulting to overall
enlargement of parts or the organism itself
growth
changes in an organism through time
(growth + differentiation)
development
formation of new cells / organism
reproduction
chemical and molecules constituting a structure
chemical level
organelles constituting the cell
cellular level
collection of cells with similar function
tissue level
one or more tissue performing the same function
organ level
group of organs performing a common
function or set of functions
organ system level
organism itself
organism level
fluid-filled coelom or spaces that houses and protects the organs
cavity
double layer, lines wall of cavity and
surface of the organ; secretes lubricating substances
membranes
encloses the organ of the nervous system
dorsal body cavity
houses the brain
cranial cavity
houses the spinal cord
vertebral canal
viscera (vast majority of internal organs)
ventral body cavity
heart and lungs, other organs in the periphery
thoraic cavity
digestive glands and organs, urinary, excretory and reproductive organs
abdominopelvic cavity
houses the lungs
pleural cavity
heart, blood vessels, thymus, esophagus, trachea
mediastinum
majority of the digestive system and glands
* Peritoneal cavity
abdominal cavity
houses the bladder, rectum, reproductive organ
pelvic cavity
membranes of the dorsal cavity
meninges
membranes of the ventral body cavity
serous membranes, pericardial, pleural, peritoneal
lines the wall of ventral body cavity
parietal
lines the viscera / internal organ
visceral
