Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Biology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

functions of the skeletal system

A

support of the body
protection of organs
movement due to attached skeletal muscles
storage of fats and minerals
blood cell formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

parts of the skeletal system

A

bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the axial skeleton

A

skull, laryngeal skeleton, vertebral column, thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

some bones of the appendicular skeleton

A

limbs and girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

number of bones in adults and infants

A

206 for adults, 350 for babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

homogeneous type of bone tissue

A

compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a bone tissue that has small needle-like pieces of bone and has many open spaces

A

spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the four types of bone cells maintain [ ] of the bone tissue via [ ]

A

homeostasis, bone remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

stem cells found in bone tissue. specialized bone cells–osteoblasts and osteocytes, originate from here in the bone marrow

A

osteoprogenitor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cuboidal cells arranged in a densely packed layer along the
bone surface. they account for 4-6% of all bone cells, and their main function is to form new bone tissue.

A

osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

osteoblasts are specially adapted for this role, with abundant [ ] and a [ ] for plentiful protein production

A

rough ER and a large golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

are essentially osteoblasts that have become surrounded and trapped by the substances they secrete.

A

osteocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

each osteocyte is found in a small space called a [ ] that is surrounded by bone tissue.

A

lacuna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

osteocytes account for 90-95% of the cells in bone tissue. Like osteoblasts, they do not [ ] but they have a long lifespan of up to 25 years.

A

divide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

large cells whose main function is to dissolve and reabsorb bone tissue.

A

osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

osteoclasts are found on the surface of bone tissue and
originate from [ ] rather than from other bone cells.

A

white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most commonly found in flat bones; contains mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells

A

red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

most commonly found in diaphysis or shaft of long bones; contains mostly fat cells

A

yellow bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

if there is an increased demand for red blood cells (e.g. trauma) yellow bone marrow may…

A

revert back to red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

classification of bones

A

short, long, flat, irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

treatment of bone fractures

A

reduction and immobilization

22
Q

three main types of joints

A

synarthroses (immovable), amphiarthroses (slightly movable), diarthroses (freely movable)

23
Q

are fixed or fibrous joints. they’re defined as two or
more bones in close contact that have no movement. The bones of the skull are an example.

A

synarthroses

24
Q

also known as cartilaginous joints, these joints are
defined as two or more bones held so tightly together that only limited movement can take place. the vertebrae of the spine are good examples.

A

amphiarthroses

25
Q

also known as synovial joints, these joints have synovial
fluid enabling all parts of the joint to smoothly move against each other. these are the most prevalent joints in your body. Examples include joints like the knee and shoulder.

A

diarthroses

26
Q

most bones have some combination of bumps, ridges, projections, depressions, cavities, and holes in them that help them carry out their functions. these are where other structures like muscles, blood vessels and nerves, or other bones are attached to or articulate with or travel through the bone.

A

bone markings

27
Q

means ‘porous bone.’ It is a disease that weakens bones,
and if you have it, you are at a greater risk for sudden and
unexpected bone fractures. often develops without any
symptoms or pain

A

osteoporosis

28
Q

osteoporosis is more likely to occur in people who have

A

low calcium intake, eating disorders, gastrointestinal surgery

29
Q

an important contributor to the bone remodeling process

A

parathyroid hormone

30
Q

consequence of high PTH level

A

activate osteoclasts and cause excessive bone breakdown

31
Q

can cause high levels of PTH

A

low calcium level or hypocalcemia

32
Q

any condition that causes swelling or a change in position of the tissue within the carpal tunnel can squeeze and irritate the median nerve. irritation of the median nerve in this manner causes tingling and numbness of the thumb, index, and the middle fingers,

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

33
Q

maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body, and helps maintain body shape together with
the skeletal system.

A

muscular system

34
Q

the human body has more than [ ] individual muscles

A

600

35
Q

functions of the muscular system

A

movement
stability
control of body openings and passageways
heat production

36
Q
  • covers entire skeletal muscles
  • separates them from each other
A

fascia

37
Q

a thin covering that is just below the fascia of a muscle
and surrounds the entire muscle

A

epimysium

38
Q
  • a tough, cord-like structure made of fibrous connective
    tissue
  • connects muscles to bones
A

tendon

39
Q

connective tissue that divides a muscle into sections
called fascicles

A

perimysium

40
Q

covering of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells

A

endomysium

41
Q
  • a tough, sheet-like structure made of fibrous
    connective tissue
  • attaches muscles to other muscles
A

aponeurosis

42
Q

an attachment site for a less movable bone

A

origin

43
Q

an attachment site for a more moveable bone

A

insertion

44
Q

muscle responsible for most of the movement

A

prime mover

45
Q

muscles that help the prime mover by stabilizing joints

A

synergists

46
Q

produces movement opposite to prime mover. relaxes when prime mover contracts

A

antagonist (agonist)

47
Q

movement of muscles

A

skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscles

48
Q

stability of muscles

A

stabilize joints and spinal column

49
Q
  • valve-like structures formed by muscles
  • control movement of substances in and out of passages
A

sphincters

50
Q

[ ] is released with muscle contraction

A

heat

51
Q
A

Human Biology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions