Chapter 3 Flashcards
known as the structural and functional unit of life as all living beings are formed of cells.
cell
basic components of cells
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
contains DNA
nucleus
cellular contents between plasma membrane & nucleus
cytoplasm
selective barrier
cell membrane
controls what moves in and out of the cell, is selectively permeable
plasma membrane
plasma membrane has phospholipid bilayer which is…
- Water-soluble “heads” form surfaces
(hydrophilic) - Water-insoluble “tails” form interior
(hydrophobic)
permeable to lipid-soluble substances
phospholipid bilayer
what stabilizes the membrane
cholesterol
a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane
cytoplasm
composition of cytoplasm
water, salts, protein
a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s
chromosomes.
nucleus
porous double membrane, separates nucleoplasm from
cytoplasm
nuclear envelope
dense collection of RNA and proteins, site of ribosome production
nucleolus
fibers of DNA and proteins, stores information for
synthesis of proteins
chromatin
the central dogma
replication, transcription, translation
a double stranded nucleic acid is duplicated to give identical copies. this process perpetuates the genetic information.
replication
a DNA segment that constitutes a gene is read and transcribed into a single stranded sequence of RNA. the RNA moves from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
transcription
the RNA sequence is translated into a sequence of amino
acids as the protein is formed.
translation
how many bases at a time is read during translation from the RNA and how many amino acids they are translated to
three bases, one amino acid
a complex molecule made of ribosomal RNA molecules and
proteins that form a factory for protein synthesis in cells.
ribosome
responsible for translating encoded messages from messenger RNA molecules to synthesize proteins from amino acids.
ribosome
connected, membrane-bound sacs, canals, and vesicles; transport system
endoplasmic reticulum
studded with ribosomes
rough ER
lipid synthesis. added to proteins arriving from rough ER. break down drugs
smooth ER
stack of flattened, membranous sacs. modifies, packages
and delivers proteins
golgi apparatus
membranous sacs, store substances
vesicles
membrane-bound cell organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions.
mitochondria
contain their own small chromosomes
mitochondria
source of mitochondrial DNA
from the mama
enzyme-containing sacs; break down organic molecules; detoxifies alcohol
peroxisomes
enzyme-containing sacs; digest worn out cell parts or unwanted substances
lysosomes
two rod-like centrioles; used to produce cilia and flagella; distributes chromosomes during cell division
centrosome
thin rods and tubules
* Support cytoplasm
* Allows for movement of
* organelles
microfilaments and microtubules
