Chapter 7

Question 1

Together with the [ ], the nervous system is
responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis.

Answer 1

endocrine system

Question 2

As a fetus in the womb, neurons develop at the rate of [ ] per minute.

Answer 2

250, 000

Question 3

We have about 100 billion nerve cells in our brain by adulthood (over 600 miles worth) – yet we typically use around [ ] at any given time

Answer 3

4%

Question 4

The longest cell is the [ ]. The largest cell in the human body is [ ].

Answer 4

nerve cell, female ovum

Question 5

Messages transmit at speeds up of to [ ]

Answer 5

180 MPH

Question 6

four primary function of nervous sytem

Answer 6

sensing the world
transmitting information
processing information
producing a response

Question 7

The main difference between nerve and neuron

Answer 7

a nerve is a bundle of neurons along with their connective tissue sheaths, blood vessels, and lymphatics whereas a
neuron is a cell of the nervous system that conducts nerve impulses.

Question 8

functional unit of the nervous system

Answer 8

neuron

Question 9

line ventricles (brain) and central canal (spinal cord); assist in producing, circulating, and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 9

ependymal cells

Question 10

maintain blood-brain barrier; provide structural support; regulate ion, nutrient, and dissolved gas concentrations

Answer 10

astrocytes

Question 11

myelinate cns axons; provide structural framework

Answer 11

oligodendrocytes

Question 12

remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens, by phagocytosis

Answer 12

microglia

Question 13

myelination of peripheral axons

Answer 13

schwann cells

Question 14

generates impulse in the neuron

Answer 14

axon hillock

Question 15

allow diffusion of ions

Answer 15

node of ranvier

Question 16

A progressive wave of electric and chemical activity along a
nerve fiber that stimulates or inhibits the action of a muscle, gland, or other nerve cell

Answer 16

nerve impulse

Question 17

When a neuron is at rest, the plasma membrane is far more permeable to [ ] ions than to other ions present, such as [ ] and [ ].

Answer 17

potassium (K+) ions, sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-)

Question 18

threshold for action potential

Answer 18

-55mv

Question 19

at resting neurons (resting membrane potential), it’s more [ ] inside the cell than the outside

Answer 19

negative

Question 20

mV charge of resting membrane potential

Answer 20

-70mV

Question 21

ions outside and inside the resting neuron

Answer 21

outside: positive sodium ion
inside: positive potassium ion with negatively charged proteins

Question 22

sodium-potassium pump

Answer 22

for every two potassium ions it pumps into the cell, it pumps out three sodium ions

Question 23

during depolarization…

Answer 23

sodium ions in (+40 mV)

Question 24

during repolarization…

Answer 24

potassium ions out to rebalance charges

Question 25

voltage drop of -75 mV

Answer 25

hyperpolarization

Question 26

conduction of impulses

Answer 26

myelin sheath forms insulating layer, impulses jump from one intercellular non-myelinated region to another

Question 27

describes the way an electrical impulse skips from node to node down the full length of an axon

Answer 27

saltatory conduction

Question 28

detects stimuli

Answer 28

sensory neuron

Question 29

relays sensory signals to brain then return message back to motor neurons

Answer 29

interneurons

Question 30

pass message from brain to body for muscle response

Answer 30

motor neuron

Question 31

a neural pathway that controls a reflex

Answer 31

reflex arc

Question 32

• Smaller part of the brain towards the back
  FUNCTIONS:
• Coordinates all movement
• Helps maintain posture, muscle control, and balance

Answer 32

cerebellum

Question 33

• Large front part of the brain
  FUNCTIONS:
• Voluntary activity
• Memory
• Language
• Receives and responds to sensory signals
• Controls motor functions

Answer 33

cerebrum

Question 34

the most complex part of the human brain—the bit that separates us from our primate cousins, so to speak. This, the largest brain lobe, is responsible for executive function, with a hand in reasoning, decision-making, sensory integration, planning, and execution of movement.

Answer 34

frontal lobe

Question 35

home of the somatosensory cortex, the area of the brain
responsible for processing sensation and touch information, as well as some aspects of spatial processing.

Answer 35

parietal lobe

Question 36

the major processing center of sound (including language)
and some forms of memory.

Answer 36

temporal lobe

Question 37

mainly responsible for processing and interpreting visual information. It’s the seat of the primary visual cortex.

Answer 37

occipital lobe

Question 38

is the posterior stalk-like part of the brain that connects the
cerebrum with the spinal cord.

Answer 38

brain stem

Question 39

components of brain stem

Answer 39

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 40

• respiratory rhythm of breathing
• fundamental to REM

Answer 40

pons

Question 41

• motor movement: particularly movements of the eye
• auditory and visual processing

Answer 41

midbrain/mesencephalon

Question 42

• passing messages between your spinal cord and brain.
• regulating your cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Answer 42

medulla oblongata