Chapter 4 Flashcards
groups of similar cells that have a common function. The four basic tissue types are epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue.
tissues
covers the body surface and lines body cavities.
epithelium
supports and protects body organs.
connective tissues
is excitable, responding to stimulation and contracting to provide movement, and occurs as three major types
muscle
provides a means of rapid internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses.
nervous tissues
form the covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in glands.
epithelial
- Close space between cells
- Located among cells that form linings
tight junctions
- Form “spot welds” between cells
- Located among outer skin cells
desmosomes
- Tubular channels between cells
- Located in cardiac muscle cells
gap junctions
a specialization of the plasma
membrane of an epithelial cell that is
similar to half a desmosome and
serves to connect the basal surface of
the cell to the basement membrane
hemidesmosome
- Single layer of flat cells
- Substances pass easily through
- Line air sacs
- Line blood vessels
- Line lymphatic vessels
simple squamous
- important functions of the are secretion and absorption.
- found in the small collecting ducts of the kidneys, pancreas, and salivary glands.
simple cuboidal
which epithelium is best suited for diffusion or filtration
simple squamous epithelium
which epithelium is specialized for water reabsorption and ion movement
simple cuboidal epithelium
- Single layer of elongated cells
- Nuclei usually near the basement
- Membrane at same level
- Sometimes possess cilia
- Sometimes possess microvilli
- Often have goblet cells
- Line uterus, stomach, intestines
simple columnar epithelium
these two epithelium can appear in ciliated and non-ciliated forms
simple and pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- many cell layers: columnar along basement membrane, then cuboidal, then squamous cells at the top
- can accumulate keratin
- outer layer of skin
- line oral cavity, vagina, skin, and anal canal
stratified squamous epithelium
in some stratified squamous, the upper layers of cells are dead (due to lack of nuclei) and filled with a tough waterproof material called [ ]
keratin
- 2-3 layers
- cube-shaped cells
- line ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary
glands, and the pancreas
stratified cuboidal epithelium
- top layer of elongated cells
- cube-shaped cells in deeper layers
- line part of male urethra and part of pharynx
- involved primarily in providing protection and secretion
stratified columnar epithelium
- single layer of elongated cells
- nuclei at two or more levels
- appear striated
- often have cilia
- often have goblet cells
- line respiratory passageways
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- many cell layers
- cube-shaped and elongated cells
- line urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra
- stretch readily in order to accommodate fluctuation of volume of the liquid in an organ.
transitional epithelium
three main components of connective tissues
ground substance, fibers, cells
connective tissues are often widely separated by one of three basic types of matrix
protein matrix, protein/ ground substance matrix, fluid matrix
dominance of protein fibers: collagen and elastin
protein matrix
common protein, bundles of tough and flexible fibers
collagen
stretchy, fibrous protein; forms thick single fibers
elastin
categorized as either dense or loose which depends on the density of protein fibers in the matrix
fibrous connective tissue
regular parallel bundles of fibers
dense regular
hodgepodge of fibers
dense irregular
- simply called as fat tissue
- primary function is the storage of fat
- modified form of areolar tissue
adipose
is extracellular material that has some fibrous fibers in it but also a great deal of nonfibrous protein and other substances
protein/ ground substance matrix
two types of protein/ ground substance matrix
cartilage and bone
its matrix is a combination of fibers and ground substance that gives it a rubbery quality
cartilage
three kinds of cartilage
hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
composition of bone matrices
matrix of collagen fibers encrusted with mineral crystals
is composed of a water-based solution with a fluid consistency
fluid matrix
two types of fluid matrix
blood and hematopoietic tissue
also called myeloid tissue or simply red bone marrow
hematopoietic tissue
