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Human Biology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

groups of similar cells that have a common function. The four basic tissue types are epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue.

A

tissues

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2
Q

covers the body surface and lines body cavities.

A

epithelium

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3
Q

supports and protects body organs.

A

connective tissues

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4
Q

is excitable, responding to stimulation and contracting to provide movement, and occurs as three major types

A

muscle

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5
Q

provides a means of rapid internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses.

A

nervous tissues

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6
Q

form the covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in glands.

A

epithelial

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7
Q
  • Close space between cells
  • Located among cells that form linings
A

tight junctions

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8
Q
  • Form “spot welds” between cells
  • Located among outer skin cells
A

desmosomes

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9
Q
  • Tubular channels between cells
  • Located in cardiac muscle cells
A

gap junctions

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10
Q

a specialization of the plasma
membrane of an epithelial cell that is
similar to half a desmosome and
serves to connect the basal surface of
the cell to the basement membrane

A

hemidesmosome

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11
Q
  • Single layer of flat cells
  • Substances pass easily through
  • Line air sacs
  • Line blood vessels
  • Line lymphatic vessels
A

simple squamous

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12
Q
  • important functions of the are secretion and absorption.
  • found in the small collecting ducts of the kidneys, pancreas, and salivary glands.
A

simple cuboidal

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13
Q

which epithelium is best suited for diffusion or filtration

A

simple squamous epithelium

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14
Q

which epithelium is specialized for water reabsorption and ion movement

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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15
Q
  • Single layer of elongated cells
  • Nuclei usually near the basement
  • Membrane at same level
  • Sometimes possess cilia
  • Sometimes possess microvilli
  • Often have goblet cells
  • Line uterus, stomach, intestines
A

simple columnar epithelium

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16
Q

these two epithelium can appear in ciliated and non-ciliated forms

A

simple and pseudostratified columnar epithelium

17
Q
  • many cell layers: columnar along basement membrane, then cuboidal, then squamous cells at the top
  • can accumulate keratin
  • outer layer of skin
  • line oral cavity, vagina, skin, and anal canal
A

stratified squamous epithelium

18
Q

in some stratified squamous, the upper layers of cells are dead (due to lack of nuclei) and filled with a tough waterproof material called [ ]

A

keratin

19
Q
  • 2-3 layers
  • cube-shaped cells
  • line ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary
    glands, and the pancreas
A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

20
Q
  • top layer of elongated cells
  • cube-shaped cells in deeper layers
  • line part of male urethra and part of pharynx
  • involved primarily in providing protection and secretion
A

stratified columnar epithelium

21
Q
  • single layer of elongated cells
  • nuclei at two or more levels
  • appear striated
  • often have cilia
  • often have goblet cells
  • line respiratory passageways
A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

22
Q
  • many cell layers
  • cube-shaped and elongated cells
  • line urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra
  • stretch readily in order to accommodate fluctuation of volume of the liquid in an organ.
A

transitional epithelium

23
Q

three main components of connective tissues

A

ground substance, fibers, cells

24
Q

connective tissues are often widely separated by one of three basic types of matrix

A

protein matrix, protein/ ground substance matrix, fluid matrix

25
Q

dominance of protein fibers: collagen and elastin

A

protein matrix

26
Q

common protein, bundles of tough and flexible fibers

A

collagen

27
Q

stretchy, fibrous protein; forms thick single fibers

A

elastin

28
Q

categorized as either dense or loose which depends on the density of protein fibers in the matrix

A

fibrous connective tissue

29
Q

regular parallel bundles of fibers

A

dense regular

30
Q

hodgepodge of fibers

A

dense irregular

31
Q
  • simply called as fat tissue
  • primary function is the storage of fat
  • modified form of areolar tissue
A

adipose

32
Q

is extracellular material that has some fibrous fibers in it but also a great deal of nonfibrous protein and other substances

A

protein/ ground substance matrix

33
Q

two types of protein/ ground substance matrix

A

cartilage and bone

34
Q

its matrix is a combination of fibers and ground substance that gives it a rubbery quality

A

cartilage

35
Q

three kinds of cartilage

A

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

36
Q

composition of bone matrices

A

matrix of collagen fibers encrusted with mineral crystals

37
Q

is composed of a water-based solution with a fluid consistency

A

fluid matrix

38
Q

two types of fluid matrix

A

blood and hematopoietic tissue

39
Q

also called myeloid tissue or simply red bone marrow

A

hematopoietic tissue

Human Biology (20 decks)

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