Chapter 10.B Flashcards

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1
Q

increase in fluid loss – capillaries to interstitial space, capillaries become more permeable due to histamine and other chemicals

A

swelling

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2
Q

compression from interstitial fluid;
chemical irritation by kinins, prostaglandins, microbe substances

A

stimulation of pain receptors

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3
Q

how do phagocytes invade the area of infection or injury?

A
  • inflammatory factors
  • vasodilation
  • margination
  • diapedesis
  • chemotaxis
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4
Q

released by mast cells, etc.

A

inflammatory factors

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5
Q

capillaries become permeable

A

vasodilation

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6
Q

WBCs slow down & align on the vessel wall

A

margination

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7
Q

blood cells leave vessels & enter the CT

A

diapedesis

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8
Q

blood cells follow a chemical gradient (move toward the source ie., bacteria)

A

chemotaxis

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9
Q

❑ Abnormal elevation of body temperature – at least 1°C from normal (37°C)
❑ May accompany inflammatory response
❑ Due to excess fluid loss so requires increased fluid intake to prevent dehydration

A

fever

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10
Q

❑ release of pyrogens such as interleukin 1, interferons
❑ toxins from infectious agents, drug reactions toxins, brain tumors

A

causes of fever

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11
Q

❑ target hypothalamus and cause release of prostaglandin E2
❑ raises temperature set point of hypothalamus

A

pyrogen

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12
Q

some benefits of fever

A
  • promotes interferon activity
  • increases activity of adaptive immunity
  • accelerate tissue repair
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13
Q

summary on the barriers of innate nonspecific processes

A

epithelium, secretions, fluid flow

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14
Q

summary on the cells of innate nonspecific processes

A

phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils), NK cells

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15
Q

summary on the chemical signals of innate nonspecific processes

A

interferons, complement proteins, inflammatory mediators, pyrogens for fever

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16
Q

All formed elements except [ ] leave the bone marrow and directly enter and circulate in the blood.

A

T-lymphocytes

17
Q

t-lymphocytes mature in the [ ] prior to circulating the blood stream

A

thymus

18
Q
  • the third line of defense against non-self pathogens
  • also referred to as acquired immunity or specific immunity and is only found in vertebrates.
A

adaptive immunity

19
Q

origin of auto-immune diseases

A

the adaptive immune response is meant to attack non-self pathogens but can sometimes make errors and attack itself.

20
Q

adaptive immune responses are carried out by white blood cells called [ ]

A

lymphocytes

21
Q

two broad classes of adaptive immune responses

A

antibody mediated responses
cell-mediated immune responses

22
Q

they are carried out by different classes of lymphocytes

A

b cells and t cells