Chapter 6.2

Question 1

cell membrane in muscles

Answer 1

sarcolemma

Question 2

cytoplasm of cell

Answer 2

sarcoplasm

Question 3

long structures in sarcoplasm

Answer 3

myofibrils

Question 4

arrangement of filaments in myofibrils produces

Answer 4

striations

Question 5

the basic contractile unit of muscle fiber.

Answer 5

sarcomere

Question 6

sarcomere is composed of two main protein filaments—[ ]
and [ ]—which are active structures responsible for muscle contraction

Answer 6

actin and myosin

Question 7

the most popular model that describes muscular
contraction is called the [ ]

Answer 7

sliding filament theory

Question 8

• muscle fibers respond to the neurotransmitter [ ]
• causes skeletal muscle to contract

Answer 8

acetylcholine

Question 9

• following contraction, muscles release the enzyme [ ]
• breaks down acetylcholine
• allows muscle to relax

Answer 9

acetylcholinesterase

Question 10

• in the iris of the eye and walls of blood vessels
• responds to neurotransmitters and hormones

Answer 10

multiunit smooth muscle

Question 11

• In walls of hollow organs
• Responds to neurotransmitters AND
• Stimulate each other to contract so that muscle fibers
  contract and relax together in a rhythmic motion –
  peristalsis

Answer 11

visceral smooth muscle

Question 12

rhythmic contraction that pushes substances through
tubes of the body

Answer 12

peristalsis

Question 13

• connect groups of cardiac muscle
• allow the fibers in the groups to contract and relax together
• allows heart to work as a pump

Answer 13

intercalated disks

Question 14

sends out an electrical impulse to make the upper heart chambers contract

Answer 14

SinoAtrial node

Question 15

sends out an electrical impulse to make the lower heart chambers contract

Answer 15

AtrioVentricular node

Question 16

the source of energy in working muscles

Answer 16

adenosine triphosphate

Question 17

the three biochemical systems for producing ATP are, in order:

Answer 17

using creatine phosphate
using glycogen
aerobic respiration

Question 18

a movement that decreases the angle between two bones at the joint.

Answer 18

flexion

Question 19

a movement that increases the angle between two bones at the joint.

Answer 19

extension

Question 20

a movement that results in movement of one bone around
its longitudinal axis.

Answer 20

rotation

Question 21

a movement that results in the part moving away from the midline.

Answer 21

abduction

Question 22

a movement that results in the part moving toward the midline.

Answer 22

adduction

Question 23

permitting movement in all directions, the [ ] features the rounded head of one bone sitting in the cup of another bone. examples include your shoulder joint and your hip joint.

Answer 23

ball and socket joint

Question 24

the [ ] is like a door, opening and closing in one
direction, along one plane. examples include your elbow joint and your knee joint.

Answer 24

hinge joint

Question 25

the [ ] allows movement, but no rotation.
examples include your finger joints and your jaw.

Answer 25

condyloid joint

Question 26

also called the rotary joint or trochoid joint,
is characterized by one bone that can swivel in a ring formed from a second bone. examples are the joints between your ulna and radius bones that rotate your forearm, and the joint between the first and second
vertebrae in your neck.

Answer 26

pivot joint

Question 27

also called the plane joint. although it only permits limited movement, it’s characterized by smooth surfaces that can slip over one another. an example is the joint in your wrist.

Answer 27

gliding joint

Question 28

although the [ ] does not allow rotation, it does
enable movement back and forth and side to side. an example is the joint at the base of your thumb.

Answer 28

saddle joint

Question 29

when the foot is raised as when you dig in your heels.

Answer 29

dorsiflexion

Question 30

when you lower your foot as when you lift yourself onto the balls of your feet.

Answer 30

plantar flexion

Question 31

when you turn your feet inward so that your soles are facing one another.

Answer 31

inversion

Question 32

when you turn your feet outward so that your soles are facing laterally.

Answer 32

eversion

Question 33

is rotation of the radius across the ulna that results is your palms facing backwards.

Answer 33

pronation

Question 34

movement in the opposite direction that uncrosses the
radius from the ulna to cause the palms to face forward.

Answer 34

supination

Question 35

this movement enables us to be skillful tool
users. [ ] is the movement of the tip of the thumb
that enables it to touch the tips of the other fingers.

Answer 35

opposition