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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Adam’s apple

A

Thyroid cartilage, supportive structure of the larynx; larger in males than in females.

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2
Q

adenoids

A

Collection of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils.

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3
Q

alveolus (pl., alveoli)

A

Air sac at the end of each bronchiole.

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4
Q

apex

A

Topmost section of the lung.

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5
Q

base

A

Bottom section of the lung.

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6
Q

bronchiole

A

Fine subdivision of the bronchi made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers.

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7
Q

bronchus (pl., bronchi)

A

One of the two airways from the trachea to the lungs.

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8
Q

cilia

A

Hairlike extensions of a cell’s surface that usually provide some protection by sweeping foreign particles away.

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9
Q

diaphragm

A

Membranous muscle between the abdominal and thoracic cavities that contracts and relaxes during the respiratory cycle.

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10
Q

epiglottis

A

Cartilaginous flap that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.

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11
Q

expiration

A

Exhalation.

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12
Q

external respiration

A

Exchange of air between the body and the outside environment.

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13
Q

glottis

A

Part of the larynx consisting of the vocal folds of mucous membrane and muscle.

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14
Q

hilum (also hilus)

A

Midsection of the lung where the nerves and vessels enter and exit.

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15
Q

hypopharynx

A

Laryngopharynx.

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16
Q

inferior lobe

A

Bottom lobe of the lung.

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17
Q

inhalation

A

Breathing in.

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18
Q

inspiration

A

Inhalation.

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19
Q

intercostal muscles

A

Muscles between the ribs.

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20
Q

internal respiration

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells.

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21
Q

laryngopharynx

A

Part of the pharynx below and behind the larynx.

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22
Q

larynx

A

Organ of voice production in the respiratory tract, between the pharynx and the trachea; voice box.

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23
Q

lung

A

One of two organs of respiration (left lung and right lung) in the thoracic cavity, where oxygenation of blood takes place.

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24
Q

mediastinum

A

Median portion of the thoracic cavity; septum between two areas of an organ or cavity.

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25
Q

middle lobe

A

Middle section of the right lung.

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26
Q

nasal cavity

A

Opening in the external nose where air enters the body.

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27
Q

nasal septum

A

Cartilaginous division of the external nose.

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28
Q

nasopharynx

A

Portion of the throat above the soft palate.

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29
Q

nose

A

External structure supported by nasal bones and containing nasal cavity.

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30
Q

nostrils

A

External openings at the base of the nose; also called external nares.

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31
Q

oropharynx

A

Back portion of the mouth, a division of the pharynx.

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32
Q

palatine tonsils

A

Lymphatic tissue that works as part of the immune system.

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33
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

Area of the nasal cavity where external air is warmed by blood in the mucous membrane lining.

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34
Q

parietal pleura

A

Outer layer of the pleura.

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35
Q

pharyngeal tonsils

A

adenoids.

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36
Q

pharynx

A

passageway at back of mouth for air and food; throat.

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37
Q

pleura (pl., pleurae)

A

Double layer of membrane making up the outside of the lungs.

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38
Q

pleural cavity

A

Space between the two pleura.

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39
Q

respiratory system

A

the body’s system for breathing.

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40
Q

respiratory tract

A

Passageways through which air moves into and out of the lungs.

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41
Q

septum

A

Cartilaginous division, as in the nose or mediastinum.

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42
Q

soft palate

A

Flexible muscular sheet that separates the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx.

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43
Q

superior lobe

A

Topmost lobe of each lung.

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44
Q

thorax

A

Chest cavity.

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45
Q

trachea

A

Airway from the larynx into the bronchi; windpipe.

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46
Q

visceral pleura

A

Inner layer of the pleura.

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47
Q

vocal cords

A

Strips of epithelial tissue that vibrate and play a major role in the production of sound.

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48
Q

adenoid(o)

A

adenoid, gland

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49
Q

alveol(o)

A

alveolus

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50
Q

bronch(o), bronchi(o)

A

bronchus

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51
Q

bronchiol(o)

A

bronchiole

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52
Q

capn(o)

A

carbon dioxide

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53
Q

epiglott(o)

A

epiglottis

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54
Q

laryng(o)

A

larynx

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55
Q

lob(o)

A

lobe of the lung

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56
Q

mediastin(o)

A

mediastinum

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57
Q

nas(o)

A

nose

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58
Q

or(o)

A

mouth

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59
Q

ox(o), oxi-, oxy

A

oxygen

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60
Q

pharyng(o)

A

pharynx

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61
Q

phon(o)

A

voice, sound

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62
Q

phren(o)

A

diaphragm

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63
Q

pleur(o)

A

pleura

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64
Q

pneum(o), pneumon(o)

A

air, lung

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65
Q

rhin(o)

A

nose

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66
Q

spir(o)

A

breathing

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67
Q

steth(o)

A

chest

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68
Q

thorac(o)

A

thorax, chest

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69
Q

tonsill(o)

A

tonsils

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70
Q

trache(o)

A

trachea

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71
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gases, a diagnostic

test

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72
Q

AFB

A

acid-fast bacillus (causes tuberculosis)

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73
Q

A&P

A

auscultation and percussion

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74
Q

AP

A

anteroposterior

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75
Q

ARD

A

acute respiratory disease

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76
Q

ARDS

A

adult respiratory distress syndrome

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77
Q

ARF

A

acute respiratory failure

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78
Q

BS

A

breath sounds

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79
Q

COLD

A

chronic obstructive lung disease

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80
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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81
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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82
Q

DPT

A

diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (combined vaccination)

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83
Q

ENT

A

ear, nose, and throat

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84
Q

ET tube

A

endotracheal intubation tube

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85
Q

FEF

A

forced expiratory flow

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86
Q

FEV

A

forced expiratory volume

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87
Q

FVC

A

forced vital capacity

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88
Q

HBOT

A

hyperbaric oxygen therapy

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89
Q

IMV

A

intermittent mandatory ventilation

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90
Q

IPPB

A

intermittent positive pressure breathing

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91
Q

IRDS

A

infant respiratory distress syndrome

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92
Q

IRV

A

inspiratory reserve volume

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93
Q

CTA

A

clear to auscultation

94
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray

95
Q

DOE

A

dyspnea on exertion

96
Q

MDI

A

metered dose inhaler

97
Q

PA

A

posteroanterior

98
Q

PCP

A

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (a type of pneumonia to which AIDS patients are susceptible)

99
Q

PEEP

A

positive end expiratory pressure

100
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary function tests

101
Q

PND

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; postnasal drip

102
Q

RD

A

respiratory disease

103
Q

RDS

A

respiratory distress syndrome

104
Q

RLL

A

right lower lobe [of the lungs]

105
Q

RUL

A

right upper lobe [of the lungs]

106
Q

LLL

A

left lower lobe [of the lungs]

107
Q

LUL

A

left upper lobe [of the lungs]

108
Q

MBC

A

maximal breathing capacity

109
Q

SARS

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome

110
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome

111
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

112
Q

T&A

A

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

113
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

114
Q

TLC

A

total lung capacity

115
Q

TPR

A

temperature, pulse, and respiration

116
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

117
Q

VC

A

vital capacity

118
Q

V/Q scan

A

ventilation/perfusion scan

119
Q

arterial blood gases

A

Laboratory test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

120
Q

auscultation

A

Listening to internal sounds with a stethoscope.

121
Q

bronchial alveolar lavage

A

Retrieval of fluid for examination through a bronchoscope.

122
Q

bronchial brushing

A

Retrieval of material for biopsy by insertion of a brush through a bronchoscope.

123
Q

bronchography

A

Radiological picture of the trachea and bronchi.

124
Q

bronchoscope

A

Device used to examine airways.

125
Q

endoscope

A

Tube used to view a body cavity.

126
Q

laryngoscopy

A

Visual examination of the mouth and larynx using an endoscope.

127
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

Visual examination of the mediastinum and all the organs within it using an endoscope.

128
Q

nasopharyngoscopy

A

Examination of the nasal passages and the pharynx using an endoscope.

129
Q

peak flow meter

A

Device for measuring breathing capacity.

130
Q

percussion

A

Tapping on the surface of the body to see if lungs are clear.

131
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

Tests that measure the mechanics of breathing.

132
Q

spirometer

A

Testing machine that measures the lungs’ volume and capacity.

133
Q

sputum sample or culture

A

Culture of material that is expectorated (or brought back up as mucus).

134
Q

sweat test

A

Test for cystic fibrosis that measures the amount of salt in sweat.

135
Q

throat culture

A

Test for streptococcal or other infections in which a swab taken on the surface of the throat is placed in a culture to see if certain bacteria grow.

136
Q

hyaline membrane disease or respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

A

disorders in newborns that occur most frequently in premature babies and are often the result of underdeveloped lungs.

137
Q

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

may have a number of causes, especially injury to the lung.

138
Q

adenoiditis

A

Inflammation of the adenoids.

139
Q

anthracosis

A

Lung disease caused by long-term inhalation of coal dust; black lung disease.

140
Q

apnea

A

Cessation of breathing.

141
Q

asbestosis

A

Lung disorder caused by long-term inhalation of asbestos (as in construction work).

142
Q

asthma

A

Chronic condition with obstruction or narrowing of the bronchial airways.

143
Q

atelectasis

A

Collapse of a lung or part of a lung.

144
Q

bacilli (sing., bacillus)

A

A type of bacteria.

145
Q

bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow breathing.

146
Q

bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchi.

147
Q

bronchospasm

A

Sudden contraction in the bronchi that causes coughing.

148
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

Irregular breathing pattern with a period of apnea followed by deep, labored breathing that becomes shallow, then apneic.

149
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

Recurring or long-lasting bouts of bronchitis.

150
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

Disease of the bronchial tubes or lungs with chronic obstruction.

151
Q

crackles

A

Popping sounds heard in lung collapse or other conditions; rales.

152
Q

croup

A

Acute respiratory syndrome in children or infants accompanied by seal-like coughing.

153
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

Disease that causes chronic airway obstruction and also affects the bronchial tubes.

154
Q

diphtheria

A

Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by bacteria.

155
Q

dysphonia

A

Hoarseness usually caused by laryngitis.

156
Q

dyspnea

A

Difficult breathing.

157
Q

emphysema

A

Chronic condition of hyperinflation of the air sacs; often caused by prolonged smoking.

158
Q

empyema

A

Pus in the pleural cavity.

159
Q

epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis.

160
Q

epistaxis

A

Bleeding from the nose, usually caused by trauma or a sudden rupture of the blood vessels of the nose.

161
Q

eupnea

A

Normal breathing.

162
Q

hemoptysis

A

Lung or bronchial hemorrhage resulting in the spitting of blood.

163
Q

hemothorax

A

Blood in the pleural cavity.

164
Q

hypercapnia

A

Excessive buildup of carbon dioxide in lungs, usually associated with hypoventilation.

165
Q

hyperpnea

A

Abnormally deep breathing.

166
Q

hyperventilation

A

Abnormally fast breathing in and out, often associated with anxiety.

167
Q

hypoxemia

A

Deficient amount of oxygen in the blood.

168
Q

hypoxia

A

Deficient amount of oxygen in tissue.

169
Q

laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx.

170
Q

laryngospasm

A

Sudden contraction of the larynx, which may cause coughing and may restrict breathing.

171
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

172
Q

mesothelioma

A

Rare cancer of the lungs associated with asbestosis.

173
Q

nasopharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the nose and pharynx.

174
Q

orthopnea

A

Difficulty in breathing, especially while lying down.

175
Q

pansinusitis

A

Inflammation of all the sinuses.

176
Q

paroxysmal

A

Sudden, as a spasm or convulsion.

177
Q

pertussis

A

Severe infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by bacteria; whooping cough.

178
Q

pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx; sore throat.

179
Q

pleural effusion

A

Escape of fluid into the pleural cavity.

180
Q

pleuritis, pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura.

181
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

Lung condition caused by inhaling dust.

182
Q

pneumonia

A

Acute infection of the alveoli.

183
Q

pneumonitis

A

Inflammation of the lung.

184
Q

pneumothorax

A

Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity.

185
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

Large collection of pus in the lungs.

186
Q

pulmonary edema

A

Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles usually caused by failure of the heart to pump enough blood to and from lungs.

187
Q

rhinitis

A

Nasal inflammation.

188
Q

rhinorrhea

A

Nasal discharge.

189
Q

silicosis

A

Lung condition caused by silica dust from grinding rocks or glass or other materials used in manufacturing.

190
Q

singultus

A

Hiccuping.

191
Q

sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the sinuses.

192
Q

stridor

A

High-pitched crowing sound heard in certain respiratory conditions.

193
Q

tachypnea

A

Abnormally fast breathing.

194
Q

tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of the tonsils.

195
Q

tracheitis

A

Inflammation of the trachea.

196
Q

tuberculosis

A

Acute infectious disease caused by bacteria called bacilli.

197
Q

upper respiratory infection

A

Infection of all or part of upper portion of respiratory tract.

198
Q

wheezes

A

Whistling sounds heard on inspiration in certain breathing disorders, especially asthma.

199
Q

adenoidectomy

A

Removal of the adenoids.

200
Q

bronchoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a bronchus.

201
Q

endotracheal intubation (ET)

A

Insertion of a tube through the nose or mouth, pharynx, and larynx and into the trachea to establish an airway.

202
Q

laryngectomy

A

Removal of the larynx.

203
Q

laryngocentesis

A

Surgical puncture of the larynx.

204
Q

laryngoplasty

A

Repair of the larynx.

205
Q

laryngostomy

A

Creation of an artificial opening in the larynx.

206
Q

laryngotracheotomy

A

Incision into the larynx and trachea.

207
Q

lobectomy

A

Removal of one of the lobes of a lung.

208
Q

otorhinolaryngologist

A

Medical doctor who diagnoses and treats disorders of the ear, nose, and throat.

209
Q

pleurocentesis

A

Surgical puncture of pleural space.

210
Q

pleuropexy

A

Fixing in place of the pleura surgically, usually in case of injury or deterioration.

211
Q

pneumobronchotomy

A

Incision of the lung and bronchus.

212
Q

pneumonectomy

A

Removal of a lung.

213
Q

rhinoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the bones of the nose.

214
Q

septoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the nasal septum.

215
Q

septostomy

A

Creation of an opening in the nasal septum.

216
Q

sinusotomy

A

Incision of a sinus.

217
Q

thoracic surgeon

A

Surgeon who specializes in surgery of the thorax.

218
Q

thoracocentesis

A

Surgical puncture of the chest cavity.

219
Q

thoracostomy

A

establishment of an opening in the chest cavity.

220
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision into the chest cavity.

221
Q

tonsillectomy

A

Removal of the tonsils.

222
Q

tracheoplasty

A

Repair of the trachea.

223
Q

tracheostomy

A

Creation of an artificial opening in the trachea.

224
Q

tracheotomy

A

Incision into the trachea.

225
Q

antitussives

A

Agents that control coughing.

226
Q

bronchodilators

A

Agents that dilate the walls of the bronchi.

227
Q

decongestants

A

Agents that relieve mucus congestion of the upper respiratory tract.

228
Q

expectorants

A

Agents that promote the coughing and expelling of mucus.

229
Q

nebulizers

A

Devices that deliver medication through the nose or mouth in a fine spray to the respiratory tract.

230
Q

ventilators

A

Mechanical breathing devices.

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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