Chapter 16 - Sensory System Flashcards
accommodation
process when the ciliary body contracts to change the shape of the lens; allows the eye to focus on objects at varying distances
retinal layer
interior layer of the eye
optic disk or blind spot
region where the retina connects to the optic nerve, where there are no rods or cones to receive images
anterior chamber
lies between the cornea and iris
posterior chamber
lies between the iris and the lens.
aqueous humor
thin, watery liquid that provides nourishment to the lens and cornea and maintains a constant pressure within the eyeball.
trabeculae
bundles of supportive fiber.
vitreous humor
gelatinous substance that nourishes parts of the eyes and maintains a supportive structure to keep the eye from collapsing.
lacrimal ducts
tear ducts
oval window
an opening leading to the inner ear.
scala vestibuli
leads from the oval window to the apex of the cochlea
scala tympani
leads from the apex of the cochlea to a covered opening in the inner ear called the round window.
basilar membrane
cochlea membrane
olfactory stimulation
sense of smell
olfactory receptors
neurons located at the top of the nasal cavity covered with cilia that send smell messages to the brain.
auditory ossicles
Three specially shaped bones in the middle ear that anchor the eardrum to the tympanic cavity and that transmit vibrations to the inner ear.
auricle
Funnel-like structure leading from the external ear to the external auditory meatus; also called pinna.
choroid
Thin posterior membrane in the middle layer of the eye.
ciliary body
Thick anterior membrane in the middle layer of the eye.
cochlea
snail-shaped structure in the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti.
cones
Specialized receptor cells in the retina that perceive color and bright light.
conjunctiva (pl., conjunctivae)
Mucous membrane lining the eyelid.
cornea
Transparent anterior section of the eyeball that bends light in a process called refraction.
decibel
Measure of the intensity of sound.
ear
Organ of hearing.
eardrum
Oval, semitransparent membrane that moves in response to sound waves and produces vibrations.
endolymph
Fluid inside the membranous labyrinth.
equilibrium
sense of balance.
eustachian tube
Tube that connects the middle ear to the pharynx.
eye
Organ of sight.
eyebrow
Clump of hair, usually about a half an inch above the eye, that helps to keep foreign particles from entering the eye.
eyelashes
Group of hairs protruding from the end of the eyelid; helps to keep foreign particles from entering the eye.
eyelid
Moveable covering over the eye.
fovea centralis
Depression in the center of the macula lutea; perceives sharpest images.
hearing
Ability to perceive sound.
incus
One of the three auditory ossicles; the anvil.
iris
Colored part of the eye; contains muscles that expand and contract in response to light.
lacrimal glands
Glands that secrete liquid to moisten the eyes and produce tears.
lens
Colorless, flexible transparent body behind the iris.
macula
Inner ear structure containing hairlike sensors that move to maintain equilibrium.
macula lutea
Small, yellowish area located in the center of the retina, which has a depression called the fovea centralis.
malleus
One of the three auditory ossicles; the hammer.
membranous labyrinth
One of the two tubes that make up the semicircular canals.
neuroretina
Thick layer of nervous tissue in the retina.
olfactory organs
Organs at the top of the nasal cavity containing olfactory receptors.
optic nerve
Nerve that transmits nerve impulses from the eye to the brain.
organ of Corti
Structure on the basilar membrane with hairlike receptors that receive and transmit sound waves.
osseus labyrinth
One of the two tubes that make up the semicircular canals.
otoliths
Small calcifications in the inner ear that help to maintain balance.
papillae
Small, raised structures that contain the taste buds.
perilymph
Liquid secreted by the walls of the osseus labyrinth.
pinna
Auricle.
pupil
Black circular center of the eye; opens and closes when muscles in the iris expand and contract in response to
light.
refraction
Process of bending light rays.
retina
Oval, light-sensitive membrane in the interior layer of the eye; decodes light waves and transmits information to the brain.
rods
Specialized receptor cells in the retina that perceive black to white shades.
sclera (pl., sclerae)
Thick, tough membrane in the outer eye layer; supports eyeball structure.
semicircular canals
Structures in the inner ear important to equilibrium.
sensory receptors
Specialized tissue containing cells that can receive stimuli.
sensory system
Organs or tissue that perceive and receive stimuli from outside or within the body.
sight
Ability to see.
smell
Ability to perceive odors.
stapes (pl., stapes, stapedes)
One of the three auditory ossicles; the stirrup.
taste
Ability to perceive the qualities of ingested matter.
taste buds
Organs that sense the taste of food.
taste cells
Specialized receptor cells within the taste buds.
tears
Moisture secreted from the lacrimal glands.
touch
Ability to perceive sensation on the skin.
tympanic [t7m-P0N-7k] membrane Eardrum.
tympanic [t7m-P0N-7k] membrane Eardrum.
uvea
Region of the eye containing the iris, choroid membrane, and ciliary bodies.
vestibule
Bony chamber between the semicircular canal and the cochlea.
audi(o), audit(o)
hearing
aur(o), auricul(o)
hearing
blephar(o)
eyelid
cerumin(o)
wax
cochle(o)
cochlea
conjunctiv(o)
conjunctiva
cor(o), core(o)
pupil
corne(o)
cornea
cycl(o)
ciliary body
dacry(o)
tears
ir(o), irid(o)
iris
kerat(o)
cornea
lacrim(o)
tears
mastoid(o)
mastoid process
myring(o) eardrum
middle ear
nas(o)
nose
ocul(o)
eye
ophthalm(o)
eye
opt(o), optic(o)
eye
ossicul(o)
ossicle
phac(o), phak(o)
lens
pupill(o)
pupil
retin(o)
retina
scler(o)
white of the eye
scot(o)
darkness
tympan(o)
eardrum, middle ear
uve(o)
uvea
acc.
accommodation
AD right ear
AD right ear
ARMD
age-related macular degeneration
AS
left ear
AU
both ears
ENT
ear, nose, and throat
ICCE
intracapsular cataract cryoextraction
IOL
intraocular lens
IOP
intraocular pressure
NVA
near visual acuity
D
diopter
dB
decibel
DVA
distance visual acuity
ECCE
extracapsular cataract extraction
EENT
eye, ear, nose, and throat
OU
each eye
PERRL, PERRLA
pupils equal, round, reactive to light (and accommodation)
PE tube
polyethylene ventilating tube (placed in the eardrum)
SOM
serous otitis media
VA
visual acuity
OD right eye
OD right eye
OM otitis media
OM otitis media
OS left eye
OS left eye
VF visual field
VF visual field
+ plus/convex
plus/convex
-
minus/concave
pneumatic otoscope
of the eardrum.
an otoscope that allows air to be blown into the ear to view the movement of the eardrum.
tuning fork
compares the conduction of sound in one ear or between the two ears; Rinne test; Weber test
audiogram
Graph that plots the acoustic frequencies being tested.
audiologist
Specialist in evaluating hearing function.
audiometry
Measurement of acoustic frequencies using an audiometer.
diopter
Unit of refracting power of a lens.
ophthalmologist
Medical specialist who diagnoses and treats eye disorders.
ophthalmoscopy
Visual examination of the interior of the eye.
optician
Technician who makes and fits corrective lenses.
optometrist
Nonmedical specialist who examines the eyes and prescribes lenses.
otologist
Medical specialist in ear disorders.
Medical specialist who treats ear, nose, and throat disorders.
Medical specialist who treats ear, nose, and throat disorders.
otoscopy
Inspection of the ear using an otoscope.
tonometry
Measurement of tension or pressure within the eye.
Conductive hearing loss
caused by lessening of vibrations of the ear.
Sensorineural hearing loss (also known as nerve deafness)
caused by lesions or dysfunction of those parts of the ear necessary to hearing.
aerotitis media
Inflammation of the middle ear caused by air pressure changes, as in air travel.
anacusis
Loss of hearing.
aphakia
Absence of a lens.
asthenopia
Weakness of the ocular or ciliary muscles that causes the eyes to tire easily.
astigmatism
Distortion of sight because of lack of focus of light rays at one point on the retina.
blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid.
blepharochalasis
Loss of elasticity of the eyelid.
blepharoptosis
Drooping of the eyelid.
blepharospasm
Involuntary eyelid movement; excessive blinking.
blindness
Loss or absence of vision.
cataract
Cloudiness of the lens of the eye.
chalazion
Nodular inflammation that usually forms on the eyelid.
cholesteatoma
Fatty cyst within the middle ear.
conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eyelid.
contact lenses
Corrective lenses worn on the surface of the eye.
dacryoadenitis
Inflammation of the lacrimal glands.
dacryocystitis
Inflammation of a tear duct.
deafness
Loss or absence of hearing.
dermatochalasis
Loss of elasticity of the eyelid.
diplopia
double vision.
epiphora
Excessive tearing.
esotropia
Deviation of one eye inward.
exophthalmos, exophthalmus
Abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs.
exotropia
Deviation of one eye outward.
Asthenopia
eyestrain
Hyperopia
farsightedness
glaucoma
Any of various diseases caused by abnormally high eye pressure.
hordeolum
Infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; sty.
hyperopia
Focusing behind the retina causing vision distortion; farsightedness.
iritis
Inflammation of the iris.
keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea.
labyrinthitis
Inflammation of the labyrinth.
lacrimation
Secretion of tears, usually excessively.
macular degeneration
Gradual loss of vision caused by degeneration of tissue in the macula.
mastoiditis
Inflammation of the mastoid process.
Meniere’s disease
Elevated pressure within the cochlea.
myopia
Focusing in front of the retina causing vision distortion; nearsightedness.
myringitis
Inflammation of the eardrum.
Myopia
nearsightedness
nystagmus
Excessive involuntary eyeball movement.
nyctalopia
Night blindness.
otalgia
pain in the ear.
otitis externa
Fungal infection of the external ear canal.
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear.
otorrhagia
Bleeding from the ear.
otorrhea
Purulent discharge from the ear.
otosclerosis
Hardening of bones of the ear.
paracusis
Impaired hearing.
photophobia
Extreme sensitivity to light.
Conjunctivitis
pinkeye
presbyacusis
Age-related hearing loss.
presbyopia
Age-related diminished ability to focus or accommodate.
pseudophakia
Eye with an implanted lens after cataract surgery.
retinitis
Inflammation of the retina.
retinitis pigmentosa
Progressive, inherited disease with a pigmented spot on the retina and poor night vision.
scleritis
Inflammation of the sclera.
scotoma
Blind spot in vision.
strabismus
Eye misalignment.
Hordeolum
sty, stye
tinnitus
Constant ringing or buzzing in the ear.
trichiasis
Abnormal growth of eyelashes in a direction that causes them to rub on the eye.
tympanitis
Inflammation of the eardrum.
vertigo
Dizziness.
blepharoplasty
Surgical repair of the eyelid.
cryoretinopexy
Fixing of a torn retina using extreme cold.
dacryocystectomy
Removal of a lacrimal sac.
enucleation
Removal of an eyeball.
iridectomy
removal of part of the iris.
iridotomy
Incision into the iris to relieve pressure.
keratoplasty
Corneal transplant.
myringotomy
Insertion of a small tube to help drain fluid from the ears (particularly of children).
otoplasty
surgical repair of the outer ear.
phacoemulsification
Use of ultrasound to break up and remove cataracts.
stapedectomy stapes
Removal of the stapes to cure otosclerosis.
trabeculectomy
Removal of part of the trabeculum to allow aqueous humor to flow freely around the eye.
tympanoplasty
repair of an eardrum.
Antibiotic ophthalmic solution
antibacterial agent used to treat eye infections, such as conjunctivitis.
Ear irrigation (lavage)
irrigation of the ear canal to remove excessive cerumen buildup.
miotic
Agent that causes the pupil to contract.
mydriatic
Agent that causes the pupil to dilate.
