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Medical Terminology > Chapter 16 - Sensory System > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Sensory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

accommodation

A

process when the ciliary body contracts to change the shape of the lens; allows the eye to focus on objects at varying distances

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2
Q

retinal layer

A

interior layer of the eye

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3
Q

optic disk or blind spot

A

region where the retina connects to the optic nerve, where there are no rods or cones to receive images

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4
Q

anterior chamber

A

lies between the cornea and iris

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5
Q

posterior chamber

A

lies between the iris and the lens.

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6
Q

aqueous humor

A

thin, watery liquid that provides nourishment to the lens and cornea and maintains a constant pressure within the eyeball.

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7
Q

trabeculae

A

bundles of supportive fiber.

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8
Q

vitreous humor

A

gelatinous substance that nourishes parts of the eyes and maintains a supportive structure to keep the eye from collapsing.

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9
Q

lacrimal ducts

A

tear ducts

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10
Q

oval window

A

an opening leading to the inner ear.

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11
Q

scala vestibuli

A

leads from the oval window to the apex of the cochlea

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12
Q

scala tympani

A

leads from the apex of the cochlea to a covered opening in the inner ear called the round window.

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13
Q

basilar membrane

A

cochlea membrane

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14
Q

olfactory stimulation

A

sense of smell

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15
Q

olfactory receptors

A

neurons located at the top of the nasal cavity covered with cilia that send smell messages to the brain.

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16
Q

auditory ossicles

A

Three specially shaped bones in the middle ear that anchor the eardrum to the tympanic cavity and that transmit vibrations to the inner ear.

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17
Q

auricle

A

Funnel-like structure leading from the external ear to the external auditory meatus; also called pinna.

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18
Q

choroid

A

Thin posterior membrane in the middle layer of the eye.

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19
Q

ciliary body

A

Thick anterior membrane in the middle layer of the eye.

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20
Q

cochlea

A

snail-shaped structure in the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti.

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21
Q

cones

A

Specialized receptor cells in the retina that perceive color and bright light.

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22
Q

conjunctiva (pl., conjunctivae)

A

Mucous membrane lining the eyelid.

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23
Q

cornea

A

Transparent anterior section of the eyeball that bends light in a process called refraction.

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24
Q

decibel

A

Measure of the intensity of sound.

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25
Q

ear

A

Organ of hearing.

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26
Q

eardrum

A

Oval, semitransparent membrane that moves in response to sound waves and produces vibrations.

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27
Q

endolymph

A

Fluid inside the membranous labyrinth.

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28
Q

equilibrium

A

sense of balance.

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29
Q

eustachian tube

A

Tube that connects the middle ear to the pharynx.

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30
Q

eye

A

Organ of sight.

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31
Q

eyebrow

A

Clump of hair, usually about a half an inch above the eye, that helps to keep foreign particles from entering the eye.

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32
Q

eyelashes

A

Group of hairs protruding from the end of the eyelid; helps to keep foreign particles from entering the eye.

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33
Q

eyelid

A

Moveable covering over the eye.

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34
Q

fovea centralis

A

Depression in the center of the macula lutea; perceives sharpest images.

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35
Q

hearing

A

Ability to perceive sound.

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36
Q

incus

A

One of the three auditory ossicles; the anvil.

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37
Q

iris

A

Colored part of the eye; contains muscles that expand and contract in response to light.

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38
Q

lacrimal glands

A

Glands that secrete liquid to moisten the eyes and produce tears.

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39
Q

lens

A

Colorless, flexible transparent body behind the iris.

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40
Q

macula

A

Inner ear structure containing hairlike sensors that move to maintain equilibrium.

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41
Q

macula lutea

A

Small, yellowish area located in the center of the retina, which has a depression called the fovea centralis.

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42
Q

malleus

A

One of the three auditory ossicles; the hammer.

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43
Q

membranous labyrinth

A

One of the two tubes that make up the semicircular canals.

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44
Q

neuroretina

A

Thick layer of nervous tissue in the retina.

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45
Q

olfactory organs

A

Organs at the top of the nasal cavity containing olfactory receptors.

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46
Q

optic nerve

A

Nerve that transmits nerve impulses from the eye to the brain.

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47
Q

organ of Corti

A

Structure on the basilar membrane with hairlike receptors that receive and transmit sound waves.

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48
Q

osseus labyrinth

A

One of the two tubes that make up the semicircular canals.

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49
Q

otoliths

A

Small calcifications in the inner ear that help to maintain balance.

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50
Q

papillae

A

Small, raised structures that contain the taste buds.

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51
Q

perilymph

A

Liquid secreted by the walls of the osseus labyrinth.

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52
Q

pinna

A

Auricle.

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53
Q

pupil

A

Black circular center of the eye; opens and closes when muscles in the iris expand and contract in response to
light.

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54
Q

refraction

A

Process of bending light rays.

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55
Q

retina

A

Oval, light-sensitive membrane in the interior layer of the eye; decodes light waves and transmits information to the brain.

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56
Q

rods

A

Specialized receptor cells in the retina that perceive black to white shades.

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57
Q

sclera (pl., sclerae)

A

Thick, tough membrane in the outer eye layer; supports eyeball structure.

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58
Q

semicircular canals

A

Structures in the inner ear important to equilibrium.

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59
Q

sensory receptors

A

Specialized tissue containing cells that can receive stimuli.

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60
Q

sensory system

A

Organs or tissue that perceive and receive stimuli from outside or within the body.

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61
Q

sight

A

Ability to see.

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62
Q

smell

A

Ability to perceive odors.

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63
Q

stapes (pl., stapes, stapedes)

A

One of the three auditory ossicles; the stirrup.

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64
Q

taste

A

Ability to perceive the qualities of ingested matter.

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65
Q

taste buds

A

Organs that sense the taste of food.

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66
Q

taste cells

A

Specialized receptor cells within the taste buds.

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67
Q

tears

A

Moisture secreted from the lacrimal glands.

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68
Q

touch

A

Ability to perceive sensation on the skin.

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69
Q

tympanic [t7m-P0N-7k] membrane Eardrum.

A

tympanic [t7m-P0N-7k] membrane Eardrum.

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70
Q

uvea

A

Region of the eye containing the iris, choroid membrane, and ciliary bodies.

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71
Q

vestibule

A

Bony chamber between the semicircular canal and the cochlea.

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72
Q

audi(o), audit(o)

A

hearing

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73
Q

aur(o), auricul(o)

A

hearing

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74
Q

blephar(o)

A

eyelid

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75
Q

cerumin(o)

A

wax

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76
Q

cochle(o)

A

cochlea

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77
Q

conjunctiv(o)

A

conjunctiva

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78
Q

cor(o), core(o)

A

pupil

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79
Q

corne(o)

A

cornea

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80
Q

cycl(o)

A

ciliary body

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81
Q

dacry(o)

A

tears

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82
Q

ir(o), irid(o)

A

iris

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83
Q

kerat(o)

A

cornea

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84
Q

lacrim(o)

A

tears

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85
Q

mastoid(o)

A

mastoid process

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86
Q

myring(o) eardrum

A

middle ear

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87
Q

nas(o)

A

nose

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88
Q

ocul(o)

A

eye

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89
Q

ophthalm(o)

A

eye

90
Q

opt(o), optic(o)

A

eye

91
Q

ossicul(o)

A

ossicle

92
Q

phac(o), phak(o)

A

lens

93
Q

pupill(o)

A

pupil

94
Q

retin(o)

A

retina

95
Q

scler(o)

A

white of the eye

96
Q

scot(o)

A

darkness

97
Q

tympan(o)

A

eardrum, middle ear

98
Q

uve(o)

A

uvea

99
Q

acc.

A

accommodation

100
Q

AD right ear

A

AD right ear

101
Q

ARMD

A

age-related macular degeneration

102
Q

AS

A

left ear

103
Q

AU

A

both ears

104
Q

ENT

A

ear, nose, and throat

105
Q

ICCE

A

intracapsular cataract cryoextraction

106
Q

IOL

A

intraocular lens

107
Q

IOP

A

intraocular pressure

108
Q

NVA

A

near visual acuity

109
Q

D

A

diopter

110
Q

dB

A

decibel

111
Q

DVA

A

distance visual acuity

112
Q

ECCE

A

extracapsular cataract extraction

113
Q

EENT

A

eye, ear, nose, and throat

114
Q

OU

A

each eye

115
Q

PERRL, PERRLA

A

pupils equal, round, reactive to light (and accommodation)

116
Q

PE tube

A

polyethylene ventilating tube (placed in the eardrum)

117
Q

SOM

A

serous otitis media

118
Q

VA

A

visual acuity

119
Q

OD right eye

A

OD right eye

120
Q

OM otitis media

A

OM otitis media

121
Q

OS left eye

A

OS left eye

122
Q

VF visual field

A

VF visual field

123
Q

+ plus/convex

A

 plus/convex

124
Q

-

A

minus/concave

125
Q

pneumatic otoscope

of the eardrum.

A

an otoscope that allows air to be blown into the ear to view the movement of the eardrum.

126
Q

tuning fork

A

compares the conduction of sound in one ear or between the two ears; Rinne test; Weber test

127
Q

audiogram

A

Graph that plots the acoustic frequencies being tested.

128
Q

audiologist

A

Specialist in evaluating hearing function.

129
Q

audiometry

A

Measurement of acoustic frequencies using an audiometer.

130
Q

diopter

A

Unit of refracting power of a lens.

131
Q

ophthalmologist

A

Medical specialist who diagnoses and treats eye disorders.

132
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

Visual examination of the interior of the eye.

133
Q

optician

A

Technician who makes and fits corrective lenses.

134
Q

optometrist

A

Nonmedical specialist who examines the eyes and prescribes lenses.

135
Q

otologist

A

Medical specialist in ear disorders.

136
Q

Medical specialist who treats ear, nose, and throat disorders.

A

Medical specialist who treats ear, nose, and throat disorders.

137
Q

otoscopy

A

Inspection of the ear using an otoscope.

138
Q

tonometry

A

Measurement of tension or pressure within the eye.

139
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

caused by lessening of vibrations of the ear.

140
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss (also known as nerve deafness)

A

caused by lesions or dysfunction of those parts of the ear necessary to hearing.

141
Q

aerotitis media

A

Inflammation of the middle ear caused by air pressure changes, as in air travel.

142
Q

anacusis

A

Loss of hearing.

143
Q

aphakia

A

Absence of a lens.

144
Q

asthenopia

A

Weakness of the ocular or ciliary muscles that causes the eyes to tire easily.

145
Q

astigmatism

A

Distortion of sight because of lack of focus of light rays at one point on the retina.

146
Q

blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelid.

147
Q

blepharochalasis

A

Loss of elasticity of the eyelid.

148
Q

blepharoptosis

A

Drooping of the eyelid.

149
Q

blepharospasm

A

Involuntary eyelid movement; excessive blinking.

150
Q

blindness

A

Loss or absence of vision.

151
Q

cataract

A

Cloudiness of the lens of the eye.

152
Q

chalazion

A

Nodular inflammation that usually forms on the eyelid.

153
Q

cholesteatoma

A

Fatty cyst within the middle ear.

154
Q

conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eyelid.

155
Q

contact lenses

A

Corrective lenses worn on the surface of the eye.

156
Q

dacryoadenitis

A

Inflammation of the lacrimal glands.

157
Q

dacryocystitis

A

Inflammation of a tear duct.

158
Q

deafness

A

Loss or absence of hearing.

159
Q

dermatochalasis

A

Loss of elasticity of the eyelid.

160
Q

diplopia

A

double vision.

161
Q

epiphora

A

Excessive tearing.

162
Q

esotropia

A

Deviation of one eye inward.

163
Q

exophthalmos, exophthalmus

A

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs.

164
Q

exotropia

A

Deviation of one eye outward.

165
Q

Asthenopia

A

eyestrain

166
Q

Hyperopia

A

farsightedness

167
Q

glaucoma

A

Any of various diseases caused by abnormally high eye pressure.

168
Q

hordeolum

A

Infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; sty.

169
Q

hyperopia

A

Focusing behind the retina causing vision distortion; farsightedness.

170
Q

iritis

A

Inflammation of the iris.

171
Q

keratitis

A

Inflammation of the cornea.

172
Q

labyrinthitis

A

Inflammation of the labyrinth.

173
Q

lacrimation

A

Secretion of tears, usually excessively.

174
Q

macular degeneration

A

Gradual loss of vision caused by degeneration of tissue in the macula.

175
Q

mastoiditis

A

Inflammation of the mastoid process.

176
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

Elevated pressure within the cochlea.

177
Q

myopia

A

Focusing in front of the retina causing vision distortion; nearsightedness.

178
Q

myringitis

A

Inflammation of the eardrum.

179
Q

Myopia

A

nearsightedness

180
Q

nystagmus

A

Excessive involuntary eyeball movement.

181
Q

nyctalopia

A

Night blindness.

182
Q

otalgia

A

pain in the ear.

183
Q

otitis externa

A

Fungal infection of the external ear canal.

184
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear.

185
Q

otorrhagia

A

Bleeding from the ear.

186
Q

otorrhea

A

Purulent discharge from the ear.

187
Q

otosclerosis

A

Hardening of bones of the ear.

188
Q

paracusis

A

Impaired hearing.

189
Q

photophobia

A

Extreme sensitivity to light.

190
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

pinkeye

191
Q

presbyacusis

A

Age-related hearing loss.

192
Q

presbyopia

A

Age-related diminished ability to focus or accommodate.

193
Q

pseudophakia

A

Eye with an implanted lens after cataract surgery.

194
Q

retinitis

A

Inflammation of the retina.

195
Q

retinitis pigmentosa

A

Progressive, inherited disease with a pigmented spot on the retina and poor night vision.

196
Q

scleritis

A

Inflammation of the sclera.

197
Q

scotoma

A

Blind spot in vision.

198
Q

strabismus

A

Eye misalignment.

199
Q

Hordeolum

A

sty, stye

200
Q

tinnitus

A

Constant ringing or buzzing in the ear.

201
Q

trichiasis

A

Abnormal growth of eyelashes in a direction that causes them to rub on the eye.

202
Q

tympanitis

A

Inflammation of the eardrum.

203
Q

vertigo

A

Dizziness.

204
Q

blepharoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the eyelid.

205
Q

cryoretinopexy

A

Fixing of a torn retina using extreme cold.

206
Q

dacryocystectomy

A

Removal of a lacrimal sac.

207
Q

enucleation

A

Removal of an eyeball.

208
Q

iridectomy

A

removal of part of the iris.

209
Q

iridotomy

A

Incision into the iris to relieve pressure.

210
Q

keratoplasty

A

Corneal transplant.

211
Q

myringotomy

A

Insertion of a small tube to help drain fluid from the ears (particularly of children).

212
Q

otoplasty

A

surgical repair of the outer ear.

213
Q

phacoemulsification

A

Use of ultrasound to break up and remove cataracts.

214
Q

stapedectomy stapes

A

Removal of the stapes to cure otosclerosis.

215
Q

trabeculectomy

A

Removal of part of the trabeculum to allow aqueous humor to flow freely around the eye.

216
Q

tympanoplasty

A

repair of an eardrum.

217
Q

Antibiotic ophthalmic solution

A

antibacterial agent used to treat eye infections, such as conjunctivitis.

218
Q

Ear irrigation (lavage)

A

irrigation of the ear canal to remove excessive cerumen buildup.

219
Q

miotic

A

Agent that causes the pupil to contract.

220
Q

mydriatic

A

Agent that causes the pupil to dilate.

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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