Chapter 10 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards
afterbirth
Placenta and membranes that are expelled from the uterus after birth.
amnion
Innermost membrane of the sac surrounding the fetus during gestation.
amniotic fluid
Fluid surrounding the fetus and held by the amnion.
areola
Darkish area surrounding the nipple on a breast.
Bartholin’s gland
After Casper Bartholin (1655–1738), Danish anatomist; One of two glands on either side of the vagina that secrete fluid into the vagina.
body
Middle portion of the uterus.
cervix
Protective part of uterus, located at the bottom and protruding through the vaginal wall; contains glands that secrete fluid into the vagina.
chorion
Outermost membrane of the sac surrounding the fetus during gestation.
climacteric
Period of hormonal changes just prior to menopause.
clitoris
Primary organ of female sexual stimulation, located at the top of the labia minora.
coitus
Sexual intercourse.
condom
Contraceptive device consisting of a rubber or vinyl sheath placed over the penis or as a lining that covers the vaginal canal, blocking contact between the sperm and the female sex organs.
contraception
Method of controlling conception by blocking access or interrupting reproductive cycles; birth control.
copulation
Sexual intercourse.
corpus luteum
Structure formed after the graafian follicle fills with a yellow substance that secretes estrogen and progesterone.
diaphragm
Contraceptive device that covers the cervix and blocks sperm from entering; used in conjunction with spermicide.
endometrium
Inner mucous layer of the uterus.
estrogen
One of the primary female hormones produced by the ovaries.
fallopian tube
After Gabriele Fallopio (1523–1562), Italian anatomist; One of the two tubes that lead from the ovaries to the uterus; uterine tube.
fimbriae
Hairlike ends of the uterine tubes that sweep the ovum into the uterus.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Hormone necessary for maturation of oocytes and ovulation.
foreskin
Fold of skin at the top of the labia minora.
fundus
Top portion of the uterus.
gamete
Sex cell; see ovum.
gestation
Period of fetal development in the uterus; usually about 40 weeks.
gonad
Male or female sex organ; ovary.
graafian follicle
After Reijnier de Graaf (1641–1673), Dutch physiologist; Follicle in the ovary that holds an oocyte during development and then releases it.
gravida
Pregnant woman.
hormone
Chemical secretion from glands such as the ovaries.
hymen
fold of mucous membranes covering the vagina of a young female; usually ruptures during first intercourse.
intrauterine device (IUD)
Contraceptive device consisting of a coil placed in the uterus to block implantation of a fertilized ovum.
introitus
External opening or entrance to a hollow organ, such as a vagina.
isthmus
Narrow region at the bottom of the uterus opening into the cervix.
labia majora
Two folds of skin that form the borders of the vulva.
labia minora
Two folds of skin between the labia majora.
lactiferous
Producing milk.
luteinizing
Hormone essential to ovulation.
mammary glands
Glandular tissue that forms the breasts, which respond to cycles of menstruation and birth.
menarche
First menstruation.
menopause
Time when menstruation ceases; usually between ages 45 and 55.
menstruation
Cyclical release of uterine lining through the vagina; usually every 28 days.
mons pubis
Mound of soft tissue in the external genitalia covered by pubic hair after puberty.
myometrium
Middle layer of muscle tissue of the uterus.
nipple
Projection at the apex of the breast through which milk flows during lactation.
oocyte
Immature ovum produced in the gonads.
ovary
One of two glands that produce ova.
ovulation
Release of an ovum (or rarely, more than one ovum) as part of a monthly cycle that leads to fertilization or menstruation.
ovum (pl., ova)
Mature female sex cell produced by the ovaries, which then travels to the uterus. If fertilized, it implants in the uterus; if not, it is released during menstruation to the outside of the body.
para
Woman who has given birth to one or more viable infants.
parturition
Birth.
perimenopause
Three- to five-year period of decreasing estrogen levels prior to menopause.
perimetrium
Outer layer of the uterus.
perineum
Space between the labia majora and the anus.
placenta
Nutrient-rich organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy; supplies nutrients to the fetus.
progesterone
One of the primary female hormones.
puberty
Preteen or early teen period when secondary sex characteristics develop and menstruation begins.
sinus
Space between the lactiferous ducts and the nipple.
spermicide
Contraceptive chemical that destroys sperm; usually in cream or jelly form.
sponge
Polyurethane contraceptive device filled with spermicide and placed in the vagina near the cervix.
umbilical cord
Cord that connects the placenta in the mother’s uterus to the navel of the fetus during gestation for nourishment of the fetus.
uterine tube
One of two tubes through which ova travel from an ovary to the uterus.
uterus
Female reproductive organ; site of implantation after fertilization or release of the lining during menstruation.
vagina
Genital canal leading from the uterus to the vulva.
vulva
External female genitalia.
amni(o)
amnion
cervic(o)
cervix
colp(o)
vagina
episi(o)
vulva
galact(o)
milk
gynec(o)
female
hyster(o)
uterus
lact(o), lacti
milk
mamm(o)
breast
mast(o)
breast
men(o)
menstruation
metr(o)
uterus
oo
egg
oophor(o)
ovary
ov(i), ov(o)
egg
ovari(o)
ovary
perine(o)
perineum
salping(o)
fallopian tube
uter(o)
uterus
vagin(o)
vagina
vulv(o)
vulva
AB
abortion
AFP
alpha-fetoprotein
AH
abdominal hysterectomy
CIS
carcinoma in situ
CS
caesarean section
C-section
caesarean section
Cx
cervix
D & C
dilation and curettage
DES
diethylstilbestrol
DUB
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
ECC
endocervical curettage
EDC
expected date of confinement (delivery)
EMB
endometrial biopsy
ERT
estrogen replacement therapy
FHT
fetal heart tones
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
G
gravida (pregnancy)
gyn
gynecology
HCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
HSG
hysterosalpingography
HSO
hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy
IUD
intrauterine device
LH
luteinizing hormone
LMP
last menstrual period
multip
multiparous
OB
obstetrics
OCP
oral contraceptive pill
P
para (live births)
Pap smear
papanicolaou smear
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
PMP
previous menstrual period
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
primip
primiparous (having one child)
TAH-BSO
total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
TSS
toxic shock syndrome
UC
uterine contractions
colposcopy
Examination of the vagina with a colposcope.
culdoscopy
Examination of the pelvic cavity using an endoscope.
gynecologist
Specialist who diagnoses and treats the processes and disorders of the female reproductive system.
hysterosalpingography
X-ray of the uterus and uterine tubes after a contrast medium has been injected.
hysteroscopy
Examination of the uterus using a hysteroscope.
mammography
X-ray imaging of the breast as a cancer screening method.
obstetrician
Physician who specializes in pregnancy and childbirth care.
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear
After George N. Papanicolaou (1883–1962), Greek-American physician; Gathering of cells from the cervix and vagina to observe for abnormalities.
pelvimetry
Measurement of the pelvis during pregnancy.
habitual abortion
three or more consecutive abortions
spontaneous abortions
abortions that appear to occur for no specific medical reason
missed abortion
an abortion in which the fetus is dead in the womb and must be removed surgically.
cephalic presentation
the head appears first
breech presentation
the buttocks or feet appear first.
abortion
Premature ending of a pregnancy.
abruptio placentae
Breaking away of the placenta from the uterine wall.
amenorrhea
Lack of menstruation.
anovulation
Lack of ovulation.
anteflexion
Bending forward, as of the uterus.
carcinoma in situ
Localized malignancy that has not spread.
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix.
chlamydia
Sexually transmitted bacterial infection affecting various parts of the male or female reproductive systems; the bacterial agent itself.
condyloma
Growth on the external genitalia.
dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation.
dyspareunia
Painful sexual intercourse due to any of various conditions, such as cysts, infection, or dryness, in the vagina.
endometriosis
Abnormal condition in which uterine wall tissue is found in the pelvis or on the abdominal wall.
fibroid
Benign tumor commonly found in the uterus.
gonorrhea
Sexually transmitted inflammation of the genital membranes.
Kegel exercises
After A. H. Kegel, U. S. gynecologist; Exercises to strengthen perineal muscles.
leukorrhea
Abnormal vaginal discharge; usually whitish.
mastitis
Inflammation of the breast.
menometrorrhagia
Irregular or excessive bleeding between or during menstruation.
menorrhagia
Excessive menstrual bleeding.
metrorrhagia
Uterine bleeding between menstrual periods.
miscarriage
Spontaneous, premature ending of a pregnancy.
oligomenorrhea
Scanty menstrual period.
oligo-ovulation
Irregular ovulation.
placenta previa
Placement of the placenta so it blocks the birth canal.
preeclampsia
Toxic infection during pregnancy.
retroflexion
Bending backward of the uterus.
retroversion
Backward turn of the uterus.
salpingitis
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes.
syphilis
Sexually transmitted infection.
vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina.
amniocentesis
Removal of a sample of amniotic fluid through a needle injected in the amniotic sac.
aspiration
Biopsy in which fluid is withdrawn through a needle by suction.
cauterization
Removal or destruction of tissue using chemicals or devices such as laser-guided equipment.
conization
Removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix for examination.
cryosurgery
Removal or destruction of tissue using cold temperatures.
culdocentesis
Taking of a fluid sample from the base of the pelvic cavity to see if an ectopic pregnancy has ruptured.
hysterectomy
Removal of the uterus.
laparoscopy
Use of a lighted tubular instrument inserted through a woman’s navel to perform a tubal ligation or to examine the fallopian tubes.
lumpectomy
Removal of a breast tumor.
mammoplasty
Plastic surgery to reconstruct the breast, particularly after a mastectomy.
mastectomy
Removal of a breast.
mastopexy
Surgical procedure to attach sagging breasts in a more normal position.
myomectomy
Removal of fibroids from the uterus.
oophorectomy
Removal of an ovary.
salpingectomy
Removal of a fallopian tube.
salpingotomy
Incision into the fallopian tubes.
abortifacient
Medication to prevent implantation of an ovum; morning-after pill
birth control pills or implants
Medication that controls the flow of hormones to block ovulation.
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Treatment with hormones when the body stops or decreases the production of hormones by itself.
oxytocin
Hormone given to induce labor.
tocolytic agent
Hormone given to stop labor.
