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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 - Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

afterbirth

A

Placenta and membranes that are expelled from the uterus after birth.

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2
Q

amnion

A

Innermost membrane of the sac surrounding the fetus during gestation.

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3
Q

amniotic fluid

A

Fluid surrounding the fetus and held by the amnion.

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4
Q

areola

A

Darkish area surrounding the nipple on a breast.

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5
Q

Bartholin’s gland

A

After Casper Bartholin (1655–1738), Danish anatomist; One of two glands on either side of the vagina that secrete fluid into the vagina.

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6
Q

body

A

Middle portion of the uterus.

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7
Q

cervix

A

Protective part of uterus, located at the bottom and protruding through the vaginal wall; contains glands that secrete fluid into the vagina.

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8
Q

chorion

A

Outermost membrane of the sac surrounding the fetus during gestation.

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9
Q

climacteric

A

Period of hormonal changes just prior to menopause.

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10
Q

clitoris

A

Primary organ of female sexual stimulation, located at the top of the labia minora.

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11
Q

coitus

A

Sexual intercourse.

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12
Q

condom

A

Contraceptive device consisting of a rubber or vinyl sheath placed over the penis or as a lining that covers the vaginal canal, blocking contact between the sperm and the female sex organs.

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13
Q

contraception

A

Method of controlling conception by blocking access or interrupting reproductive cycles; birth control.

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14
Q

copulation

A

Sexual intercourse.

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15
Q

corpus luteum

A

Structure formed after the graafian follicle fills with a yellow substance that secretes estrogen and progesterone.

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16
Q

diaphragm

A

Contraceptive device that covers the cervix and blocks sperm from entering; used in conjunction with spermicide.

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17
Q

endometrium

A

Inner mucous layer of the uterus.

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18
Q

estrogen

A

One of the primary female hormones produced by the ovaries.

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19
Q

fallopian tube

A

After Gabriele Fallopio (1523–1562), Italian anatomist; One of the two tubes that lead from the ovaries to the uterus; uterine tube.

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20
Q

fimbriae

A

Hairlike ends of the uterine tubes that sweep the ovum into the uterus.

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21
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Hormone necessary for maturation of oocytes and ovulation.

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22
Q

foreskin

A

Fold of skin at the top of the labia minora.

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23
Q

fundus

A

Top portion of the uterus.

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24
Q

gamete

A

Sex cell; see ovum.

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25
Q

gestation

A

Period of fetal development in the uterus; usually about 40 weeks.

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26
Q

gonad

A

Male or female sex organ; ovary.

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27
Q

graafian follicle

A

After Reijnier de Graaf (1641–1673), Dutch physiologist; Follicle in the ovary that holds an oocyte during development and then releases it.

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28
Q

gravida

A

Pregnant woman.

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29
Q

hormone

A

Chemical secretion from glands such as the ovaries.

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30
Q

hymen

A

fold of mucous membranes covering the vagina of a young female; usually ruptures during first intercourse.

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31
Q

intrauterine device (IUD)

A

Contraceptive device consisting of a coil placed in the uterus to block implantation of a fertilized ovum.

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32
Q

introitus

A

External opening or entrance to a hollow organ, such as a vagina.

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33
Q

isthmus

A

Narrow region at the bottom of the uterus opening into the cervix.

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34
Q

labia majora

A

Two folds of skin that form the borders of the vulva.

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35
Q

labia minora

A

Two folds of skin between the labia majora.

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36
Q

lactiferous

A

Producing milk.

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37
Q

luteinizing

A

Hormone essential to ovulation.

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38
Q

mammary glands

A

Glandular tissue that forms the breasts, which respond to cycles of menstruation and birth.

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39
Q

menarche

A

First menstruation.

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40
Q

menopause

A

Time when menstruation ceases; usually between ages 45 and 55.

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41
Q

menstruation

A

Cyclical release of uterine lining through the vagina; usually every 28 days.

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42
Q

mons pubis

A

Mound of soft tissue in the external genitalia covered by pubic hair after puberty.

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43
Q

myometrium

A

Middle layer of muscle tissue of the uterus.

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44
Q

nipple

A

Projection at the apex of the breast through which milk flows during lactation.

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45
Q

oocyte

A

Immature ovum produced in the gonads.

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46
Q

ovary

A

One of two glands that produce ova.

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47
Q

ovulation

A

Release of an ovum (or rarely, more than one ovum) as part of a monthly cycle that leads to fertilization or menstruation.

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48
Q

ovum (pl., ova)

A

Mature female sex cell produced by the ovaries, which then travels to the uterus. If fertilized, it implants in the uterus; if not, it is released during menstruation to the outside of the body.

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49
Q

para

A

Woman who has given birth to one or more viable infants.

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50
Q

parturition

A

Birth.

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51
Q

perimenopause

A

Three- to five-year period of decreasing estrogen levels prior to menopause.

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52
Q

perimetrium

A

Outer layer of the uterus.

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53
Q

perineum

A

Space between the labia majora and the anus.

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54
Q

placenta

A

Nutrient-rich organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy; supplies nutrients to the fetus.

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55
Q

progesterone

A

One of the primary female hormones.

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56
Q

puberty

A

Preteen or early teen period when secondary sex characteristics develop and menstruation begins.

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57
Q

sinus

A

Space between the lactiferous ducts and the nipple.

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58
Q

spermicide

A

Contraceptive chemical that destroys sperm; usually in cream or jelly form.

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59
Q

sponge

A

Polyurethane contraceptive device filled with spermicide and placed in the vagina near the cervix.

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60
Q

umbilical cord

A

Cord that connects the placenta in the mother’s uterus to the navel of the fetus during gestation for nourishment of the fetus.

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61
Q

uterine tube

A

One of two tubes through which ova travel from an ovary to the uterus.

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62
Q

uterus

A

Female reproductive organ; site of implantation after fertilization or release of the lining during menstruation.

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63
Q

vagina

A

Genital canal leading from the uterus to the vulva.

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64
Q

vulva

A

External female genitalia.

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65
Q

amni(o)

A

amnion

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66
Q

cervic(o)

A

cervix

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67
Q

colp(o)

A

vagina

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68
Q

episi(o)

A

vulva

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69
Q

galact(o)

A

milk

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70
Q

gynec(o)

A

female

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71
Q

hyster(o)

A

uterus

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72
Q

lact(o), lacti

A

milk

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73
Q

mamm(o)

A

breast

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74
Q

mast(o)

A

breast

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75
Q

men(o)

A

menstruation

76
Q

metr(o)

A

uterus

77
Q

oo

A

egg

78
Q

oophor(o)

A

ovary

79
Q

ov(i), ov(o)

A

egg

80
Q

ovari(o)

A

ovary

81
Q

perine(o)

A

perineum

82
Q

salping(o)

A

fallopian tube

83
Q

uter(o)

A

uterus

84
Q

vagin(o)

A

vagina

85
Q

vulv(o)

A

vulva

86
Q

AB

A

abortion

87
Q

AFP

A

alpha-fetoprotein

88
Q

AH

A

abdominal hysterectomy

89
Q

CIS

A

carcinoma in situ

90
Q

CS

A

caesarean section

91
Q

C-section

A

caesarean section

92
Q

Cx

A

cervix

93
Q

D & C

A

dilation and curettage

94
Q

DES

A

diethylstilbestrol

95
Q

DUB

A

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

96
Q

ECC

A

endocervical curettage

97
Q

EDC

A

expected date of confinement (delivery)

98
Q

EMB

A

endometrial biopsy

99
Q

ERT

A

estrogen replacement therapy

100
Q

FHT

A

fetal heart tones

101
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

102
Q

G

A

gravida (pregnancy)

103
Q

gyn

A

gynecology

104
Q

HCG

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

105
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

106
Q

HSG

A

hysterosalpingography

107
Q

HSO

A

hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

108
Q

IUD

A

intrauterine device

109
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

110
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

111
Q

multip

A

multiparous

112
Q

OB

A

obstetrics

113
Q

OCP

A

oral contraceptive pill

114
Q

P

A

para (live births)

115
Q

Pap smear

A

papanicolaou smear

116
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

117
Q

PMP

A

previous menstrual period

118
Q

PMS

A

premenstrual syndrome

119
Q

primip

A

primiparous (having one child)

120
Q

TAH-BSO

A

total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

121
Q

TSS

A

toxic shock syndrome

122
Q

UC

A

uterine contractions

123
Q

colposcopy

A

Examination of the vagina with a colposcope.

124
Q

culdoscopy

A

Examination of the pelvic cavity using an endoscope.

125
Q

gynecologist

A

Specialist who diagnoses and treats the processes and disorders of the female reproductive system.

126
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

X-ray of the uterus and uterine tubes after a contrast medium has been injected.

127
Q

hysteroscopy

A

Examination of the uterus using a hysteroscope.

128
Q

mammography

A

X-ray imaging of the breast as a cancer screening method.

129
Q

obstetrician

A

Physician who specializes in pregnancy and childbirth care.

130
Q

Papanicolaou (Pap) smear

A

After George N. Papanicolaou (1883–1962), Greek-American physician; Gathering of cells from the cervix and vagina to observe for abnormalities.

131
Q

pelvimetry

A

Measurement of the pelvis during pregnancy.

132
Q

habitual abortion

A

three or more consecutive abortions

133
Q

spontaneous abortions

A

abortions that appear to occur for no specific medical reason

134
Q

missed abortion

A

an abortion in which the fetus is dead in the womb and must be removed surgically.

135
Q

cephalic presentation

A

the head appears first

136
Q

breech presentation

A

the buttocks or feet appear first.

137
Q

abortion

A

Premature ending of a pregnancy.

138
Q

abruptio placentae

A

Breaking away of the placenta from the uterine wall.

139
Q

amenorrhea

A

Lack of menstruation.

140
Q

anovulation

A

Lack of ovulation.

141
Q

anteflexion

A

Bending forward, as of the uterus.

142
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

Localized malignancy that has not spread.

143
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of the cervix.

144
Q

chlamydia

A

Sexually transmitted bacterial infection affecting various parts of the male or female reproductive systems; the bacterial agent itself.

145
Q

condyloma

A

Growth on the external genitalia.

146
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstruation.

147
Q

dyspareunia

A

Painful sexual intercourse due to any of various conditions, such as cysts, infection, or dryness, in the vagina.

148
Q

endometriosis

A

Abnormal condition in which uterine wall tissue is found in the pelvis or on the abdominal wall.

149
Q

fibroid

A

Benign tumor commonly found in the uterus.

150
Q

gonorrhea

A

Sexually transmitted inflammation of the genital membranes.

151
Q

Kegel exercises

A

After A. H. Kegel, U. S. gynecologist; Exercises to strengthen perineal muscles.

152
Q

leukorrhea

A

Abnormal vaginal discharge; usually whitish.

153
Q

mastitis

A

Inflammation of the breast.

154
Q

menometrorrhagia

A

Irregular or excessive bleeding between or during menstruation.

155
Q

menorrhagia

A

Excessive menstrual bleeding.

156
Q

metrorrhagia

A

Uterine bleeding between menstrual periods.

157
Q

miscarriage

A

Spontaneous, premature ending of a pregnancy.

158
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

Scanty menstrual period.

159
Q

oligo-ovulation

A

Irregular ovulation.

160
Q

placenta previa

A

Placement of the placenta so it blocks the birth canal.

161
Q

preeclampsia

A

Toxic infection during pregnancy.

162
Q

retroflexion

A

Bending backward of the uterus.

163
Q

retroversion

A

Backward turn of the uterus.

164
Q

salpingitis

A

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes.

165
Q

syphilis

A

Sexually transmitted infection.

166
Q

vaginitis

A

Inflammation of the vagina.

167
Q

amniocentesis

A

Removal of a sample of amniotic fluid through a needle injected in the amniotic sac.

168
Q

aspiration

A

Biopsy in which fluid is withdrawn through a needle by suction.

169
Q

cauterization

A

Removal or destruction of tissue using chemicals or devices such as laser-guided equipment.

170
Q

conization

A

Removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix for examination.

171
Q

cryosurgery

A

Removal or destruction of tissue using cold temperatures.

172
Q

culdocentesis

A

Taking of a fluid sample from the base of the pelvic cavity to see if an ectopic pregnancy has ruptured.

173
Q

hysterectomy

A

Removal of the uterus.

174
Q

laparoscopy

A

Use of a lighted tubular instrument inserted through a woman’s navel to perform a tubal ligation or to examine the fallopian tubes.

175
Q

lumpectomy

A

Removal of a breast tumor.

176
Q

mammoplasty

A

Plastic surgery to reconstruct the breast, particularly after a mastectomy.

177
Q

mastectomy

A

Removal of a breast.

178
Q

mastopexy

A

Surgical procedure to attach sagging breasts in a more normal position.

179
Q

myomectomy

A

Removal of fibroids from the uterus.

180
Q

oophorectomy

A

Removal of an ovary.

181
Q

salpingectomy

A

Removal of a fallopian tube.

182
Q

salpingotomy

A

Incision into the fallopian tubes.

183
Q

abortifacient

A

Medication to prevent implantation of an ovum; morning-after pill

184
Q

birth control pills or implants

A

Medication that controls the flow of hormones to block ovulation.

185
Q

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

Treatment with hormones when the body stops or decreases the production of hormones by itself.

186
Q

oxytocin

A

Hormone given to induce labor.

187
Q

tocolytic agent

A

Hormone given to stop labor.

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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