Chapter 1 - Roots Flashcards
The study of the origin of words
etymology
Marks to the vowels to guide you in pronouncing
them
diacritical marks Long ( _ ) or Short ( ˘ ); long pronounce vowel like actual alphabet pronunciation; short opposite
AAMT
American Association for Medical Transcription; style where diseases, procedures, and conditions that are named after people are spelled without the possessive form
word root
fundamental portion of a word that contains the
basic meaning. For example, the word root cardi means “heart.”
Combining forms
word root and a combining vowel that enable two parts to be connected. For example, the word root cardi the combining vowel -o- can form words relating to the basic meaning “heart,” such as cardiology
Prefixes
word parts attached to the beginning of a word or word
root that modify the meaning of that word root. For example, the pre-fix peri-, meaning “around, near, surrounding,” helps to form the word pericardium, meaning “around or surrounding the heart.”
Suffixes
word parts attached to the end of a word or word root that
modify the meaning of that word root. For example, the suffix - oid, meaning “like or resembling,” helps to form the word fibroid, meaning “made of fibrous tissue.”
acanth(o)
spiny; thorny
actin(o)
light
aer(o)
air; gas
alge, algesi, algio, algo
pain
amyl(o)
starch
andro
masculine
athero
plaque; fatty substance
bacill(i)
bacilli; bacteria
bacteri(o)
bacteria
bar(o)
weight; pressure
bas(o), basi(o)
base
bio-
life
blasto
immature cells
cac(o)
bad; ill
calc(o), calci(o)
calcium
carcin(o)
cancer
chem(o)
chemical
chlor(o)
chlorine, green
chondrio, chondro
cartilage, grainy, gritty
chore(o)
dance, movement
chrom, chromat, chromo
color
chrono
time
chyl(o)
chyle, a digestive juice
chym(o)
chyme, semifluid production of chyme in the stomach
cine(o)
movement
coni(o)
dust
crin(o)
secrete
cry(o)
cold
crypt(o)
hidden; obscure
cyan(o)
blue
cycl(o)
circle; cycle; ciliary body
cyst(o), cysti
bladder, cyst, cystic duct
cyt(o)
cell
dextr(o)
right, toward the right
dips(o)
thirst
dors(o), dorsi
back
dynamo
force; energy
echo
reflected sound
electr(o)
electricity; electric
eosin(o)
red; rosy
ergo
work
erythr(o)
red, redness
esthesio
sensation, perception
ethmo
ethmoid bone
etio
cause
fibr(o)
fiber
fluor(o)
light; luminous; fluorine
fungi
fungus
galact(o)
milk
gen(o)
producing; being born
gero, geront(o)
old age
gluco
glucose
glyco
sugars
gonio
angle
granulo
granular
gyn(o), gyne, gyneco
women
home(o), homo
same; constant
hydr(o)
hydrogen, water
hypn(o)
sleep
iatr(o)
physician; treatment
ichthy(o)
dry; scaly; fish
idio
distinct; unknown
immun(o)
safe; immune
kal(i)
potassium
karyo
nucleus
ket(o), keton(o)
ketone; acetone
kin(o), kine
movement
kinesi(o), kineso
motion
kyph(o)
humpback
lact(o), lacti
milk
latero
lateral, to one side
lepto
light, frail, thin
leuk(o)
white
lip(o)
fat
lith(o)
stone
log(o)
speech, words, thought
lys(o)
dissolution
macr(o)
large; long
medi(o)
middle; medial plane
meg(a), megal(o)
large; million
melan(o)
black; dark
mes(o)
middle; median
micr(o)
small; one-millionth; tiny
mio
smaller; less
morph(o)
structure; shape
narco
sleep; numbness
necr(o)
death; dying
noct(i)
night
oncho, onco
tumor
orth(o)
straight; normal
oxy
sharp; acute; oxygen
pachy
thick
path(o)
disease
phago
eating; devouring; swallowing
pharmaco
drugs; medicine
phon(o)
sound; voice; speech
phot(o)
light
physi, physio
physical; natural
physo
air; gas; growing
phyt(o)
plant
plasma, plasmo
formative; plasma
poikilo
varied; irregular
pseud(o)
false
pyo
pus
pyreto
fever
pyro
fever; fire; heat
radio
radiation; x-ray; radius
salping(o)
tube
schisto
split
schiz(o)
split; division
scler(o)
hardness; hardening
scolio
crooked; bent
scoto
darkness
sidero
iron
sito
food; grain
somat(o)
body
somn(o), somni
sleep
sono
sound
spasmo
spasm
spher(o)
round; spherical
spir(o)
breath; breathe
squamo
scale; squamous
staphyl(o)
grapelike clusters
steno
narrowness
stere(o)
three-dimensional
strepto
twisted chains; streptococci
styl(o)
peg-shaped
syring(o)
tube
tel(o), tele(o)
distant; end; complete
terato
monster (as a malformed fetus)
therm(o)
heat
tono
tension; pressure
top(o)
place; topical
tox(i), toxico, toxo
poison; toxin
tropho
food; nutrition
vivi
life
xanth(o)
yellow
xeno
stranger
xer(o)
dry
xiph(o)
sword; xiphoid
zo(o)
life
zym(o)
fermentation; enzyme
Health Insurance Portability and Account-
ability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)
This law protects health insurance cover-
age for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs. The act also requires the Department of Health and Human Services to establish national standards for electronic health care transactions and national identifiers such as personal identification numbers (or PINS) for providers, health plans, and employers. It also addresses the security and privacy of health data. The goal of the law is to improve the efficiency and
effectiveness of the nation’s health care system by encouraging the widespread use of electronic data interchange in health care.
SOAP approach
subjective, objective, assessment, and plan; When first dealing with a patient, the health care practitioner receives the subjective information from the patient (how the patient feels, what the symptoms are). Next, the health care practitioner performs an examination (takes temperature, blood pressure, pulse) and orders tests (blood and urine tests, allergy tests), thereby getting the objective facts needed for a diagnosis. The assessment stage is the examination of all data and the reaching of a conclusion (the diagnosis). Finally, a plan—treatments, medications, tests, and patient education—is determined and put into action for ongoing evaluation. Other method is chronological.
SNOMED ( Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine) Clinical Terms
an international attempt to standardize medical terminology for use in electronic medical records
The International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification
current standard for coding patient records and death certificates
ICD-10CM and ICD-10PCS
(Professional Coding System prepared by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid) are currently available; however,
the United States is not currently using the new updated classifications.
