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Medical Terminology > Chapter 1 - Roots > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Roots Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The study of the origin of words

A

etymology

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2
Q

Marks to the vowels to guide you in pronouncing

them

A

diacritical marks Long ( _ ) or Short ( ˘ ); long pronounce vowel like actual alphabet pronunciation; short opposite

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3
Q

AAMT

A

American Association for Medical Transcription; style where diseases, procedures, and conditions that are named after people are spelled without the possessive form

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4
Q

word root

A

fundamental portion of a word that contains the

basic meaning. For example, the word root cardi means “heart.”

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5
Q

Combining forms

A

word root and a combining vowel that enable two parts to be connected. For example, the word root cardi the combining vowel -o- can form words relating to the basic meaning “heart,” such as cardiology

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6
Q

Prefixes

A

word parts attached to the beginning of a word or word
root that modify the meaning of that word root. For example, the pre-fix peri-, meaning “around, near, surrounding,” helps to form the word pericardium, meaning “around or surrounding the heart.”

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7
Q

Suffixes

A

word parts attached to the end of a word or word root that
modify the meaning of that word root. For example, the suffix - oid, meaning “like or resembling,” helps to form the word fibroid, meaning “made of fibrous tissue.”

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8
Q

acanth(o)

A

spiny; thorny

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9
Q

actin(o)

A

light

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10
Q

aer(o)

A

air; gas

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11
Q

alge, algesi, algio, algo

A

pain

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12
Q

amyl(o)

A

starch

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13
Q

andro

A

masculine

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14
Q

athero

A

plaque; fatty substance

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15
Q

bacill(i)

A

bacilli; bacteria

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16
Q

bacteri(o)

A

bacteria

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17
Q

bar(o)

A

weight; pressure

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18
Q

bas(o), basi(o)

A

base

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19
Q

bio-

A

life

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20
Q

blasto

A

immature cells

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21
Q

cac(o)

A

bad; ill

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22
Q

calc(o), calci(o)

A

calcium

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23
Q

carcin(o)

A

cancer

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24
Q

chem(o)

A

chemical

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25
Q

chlor(o)

A

chlorine, green

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26
Q

chondrio, chondro

A

cartilage, grainy, gritty

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27
Q

chore(o)

A

dance, movement

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28
Q

chrom, chromat, chromo

A

color

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29
Q

chrono

A

time

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30
Q

chyl(o)

A

chyle, a digestive juice

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31
Q

chym(o)

A

chyme, semifluid production of chyme in the stomach

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32
Q

cine(o)

A

movement

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33
Q

coni(o)

A

dust

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34
Q

crin(o)

A

secrete

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35
Q

cry(o)

A

cold

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36
Q

crypt(o)

A

hidden; obscure

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37
Q

cyan(o)

A

blue

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38
Q

cycl(o)

A

circle; cycle; ciliary body

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39
Q

cyst(o), cysti

A

bladder, cyst, cystic duct

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40
Q

cyt(o)

A

cell

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41
Q

dextr(o)

A

right, toward the right

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42
Q

dips(o)

A

thirst

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43
Q

dors(o), dorsi

A

back

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44
Q

dynamo

A

force; energy

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45
Q

echo

A

reflected sound

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46
Q

electr(o)

A

electricity; electric

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47
Q

eosin(o)

A

red; rosy

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48
Q

ergo

A

work

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49
Q

erythr(o)

A

red, redness

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50
Q

esthesio

A

sensation, perception

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51
Q

ethmo

A

ethmoid bone

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52
Q

etio

A

cause

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53
Q

fibr(o)

A

fiber

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54
Q

fluor(o)

A

light; luminous; fluorine

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55
Q

fungi

A

fungus

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56
Q

galact(o)

A

milk

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57
Q

gen(o)

A

producing; being born

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58
Q

gero, geront(o)

A

old age

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59
Q

gluco

A

glucose

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60
Q

glyco

A

sugars

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61
Q

gonio

A

angle

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62
Q

granulo

A

granular

63
Q

gyn(o), gyne, gyneco

A

women

64
Q

home(o), homo

A

same; constant

65
Q

hydr(o)

A

hydrogen, water

66
Q

hypn(o)

A

sleep

67
Q

iatr(o)

A

physician; treatment

68
Q

ichthy(o)

A

dry; scaly; fish

69
Q

idio

A

distinct; unknown

70
Q

immun(o)

A

safe; immune

71
Q

kal(i)

A

potassium

72
Q

karyo

A

nucleus

73
Q

ket(o), keton(o)

A

ketone; acetone

74
Q

kin(o), kine

A

movement

75
Q

kinesi(o), kineso

A

motion

76
Q

kyph(o)

A

humpback

77
Q

lact(o), lacti

A

milk

78
Q

latero

A

lateral, to one side

79
Q

lepto

A

light, frail, thin

80
Q

leuk(o)

A

white

81
Q

lip(o)

A

fat

82
Q

lith(o)

A

stone

83
Q

log(o)

A

speech, words, thought

84
Q

lys(o)

A

dissolution

85
Q

macr(o)

A

large; long

86
Q

medi(o)

A

middle; medial plane

87
Q

meg(a), megal(o)

A

large; million

88
Q

melan(o)

A

black; dark

89
Q

mes(o)

A

middle; median

90
Q

micr(o)

A

small; one-millionth; tiny

91
Q

mio

A

smaller; less

92
Q

morph(o)

A

structure; shape

93
Q

narco

A

sleep; numbness

94
Q

necr(o)

A

death; dying

95
Q

noct(i)

A

night

96
Q

oncho, onco

A

tumor

97
Q

orth(o)

A

straight; normal

98
Q

oxy

A

sharp; acute; oxygen

99
Q

pachy

A

thick

100
Q

path(o)

A

disease

101
Q

phago

A

eating; devouring; swallowing

102
Q

pharmaco

A

drugs; medicine

103
Q

phon(o)

A

sound; voice; speech

104
Q

phot(o)

A

light

105
Q

physi, physio

A

physical; natural

106
Q

physo

A

air; gas; growing

107
Q

phyt(o)

A

plant

108
Q

plasma, plasmo

A

formative; plasma

109
Q

poikilo

A

varied; irregular

110
Q

pseud(o)

A

false

111
Q

pyo

A

pus

112
Q

pyreto

A

fever

113
Q

pyro

A

fever; fire; heat

114
Q

radio

A

radiation; x-ray; radius

115
Q

salping(o)

A

tube

116
Q

schisto

A

split

117
Q

schiz(o)

A

split; division

118
Q

scler(o)

A

hardness; hardening

119
Q

scolio

A

crooked; bent

120
Q

scoto

A

darkness

121
Q

sidero

A

iron

122
Q

sito

A

food; grain

123
Q

somat(o)

A

body

124
Q

somn(o), somni

A

sleep

125
Q

sono

A

sound

126
Q

spasmo

A

spasm

127
Q

spher(o)

A

round; spherical

128
Q

spir(o)

A

breath; breathe

129
Q

squamo

A

scale; squamous

130
Q

staphyl(o)

A

grapelike clusters

131
Q

steno

A

narrowness

132
Q

stere(o)

A

three-dimensional

133
Q

strepto

A

twisted chains; streptococci

134
Q

styl(o)

A

peg-shaped

135
Q

syring(o)

A

tube

136
Q

tel(o), tele(o)

A

distant; end; complete

137
Q

terato

A

monster (as a malformed fetus)

138
Q

therm(o)

A

heat

139
Q

tono

A

tension; pressure

140
Q

top(o)

A

place; topical

141
Q

tox(i), toxico, toxo

A

poison; toxin

142
Q

tropho

A

food; nutrition

143
Q

vivi

A

life

144
Q

xanth(o)

A

yellow

145
Q

xeno

A

stranger

146
Q

xer(o)

A

dry

147
Q

xiph(o)

A

sword; xiphoid

148
Q

zo(o)

A

life

149
Q

zym(o)

A

fermentation; enzyme

150
Q

Health Insurance Portability and Account-

ability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)

A

This law protects health insurance cover-
age for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs. The act also requires the Department of Health and Human Services to establish national standards for electronic health care transactions and national identifiers such as personal identification numbers (or PINS) for providers, health plans, and employers. It also addresses the security and privacy of health data. The goal of the law is to improve the efficiency and
effectiveness of the nation’s health care system by encouraging the widespread use of electronic data interchange in health care.

151
Q

SOAP approach

A

subjective, objective, assessment, and plan; When first dealing with a patient, the health care practitioner receives the subjective information from the patient (how the patient feels, what the symptoms are). Next, the health care practitioner performs an examination (takes temperature, blood pressure, pulse) and orders tests (blood and urine tests, allergy tests), thereby getting the objective facts needed for a diagnosis. The assessment stage is the examination of all data and the reaching of a conclusion (the diagnosis). Finally, a plan—treatments, medications, tests, and patient education—is determined and put into action for ongoing evaluation. Other method is chronological.

152
Q

SNOMED ( Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine) Clinical Terms

A

an international attempt to standardize medical terminology for use in electronic medical records

153
Q

The International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification

A

current standard for coding patient records and death certificates

154
Q

ICD-10CM and ICD-10PCS

A

(Professional Coding System prepared by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid) are currently available; however,
the United States is not currently using the new updated classifications.

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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