Chapter 3 - Body Structure Flashcards
integumentary system
consists of the skin and the accessory structures derived from it—hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands.
The body’s two main cavities (spaces)
dorsal and the ventral
dorsal cavity
on the back side of the body; divided into the cranial cavity, which holds the brain, and the spinal cavity, which holds the spinal cord.
ventral cavity
front side of the body; divided (and separated by a muscle called the diaphragm) into the thoracic cavity, which holds
the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, and the abdominal cavity, which holds the organs of the digestive and urinary systems. The bottom portion of the abdominal cavity is called the pelvic cavity. It contains the reproductive
system.
abdominal cavity
Body space between the abdominal walls, above the pelvis, and below the diaphragm.
cranial cavity
Space in the head that contains the brain.
diaphragm
Muscle that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
pelvic cavity
Body space below the abdominal cavity that includes the reproductive organs.
spinal cavity
Body space that contains the spinal cord.
thoracic cavity
Body space above the abdominal cavity that contains the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
ventral cavity
Major cavity in the front of the body containing the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
anterior or ventral
at or towards front side of body
posterior or dorsal
at or towards back side of body
synalgia
“referred pain”; when internal pain is felt in an area that is not the actual source of the pain.
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
On the right anterior side; contains main part of the liver, the gallbladder, and main parts of the pancreas and intestinal tract.
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
On the right anterior side; contains the appendix, parts of the intestines, and parts of the reproductive organs in the female.
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
On the left anterior side; contains the stomach, spleen, and small part of the liver, small bit of pancreas, and intestines.
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
On the left anterior side; contains parts of the intestines and parts of reproductive organs in the female.
coronal plane
Imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior positions.
cross-sectional plane
Imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally.
deep
Away from the surface (of the body).
distal
Away from the point of attachment to the trunk.
epigastric region
Area of the body immediately above the stomach.
frontal plane
Imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior positions.
hypochondriac regions
Left and right regions of the body just below the cartilage of the ribs and immediately above the abdomen.
hypogastric region
Area of the body just below the umbilical region.
iliac regions
Left and right regions of the body near the upper portion of the hip bone.
inferior
Below another body structure.
inguinal regions
Left and right regions of the body near the upper portion of the hip bone.
lateral
To the side.
lateral plane or sagittal plane
Imaginary line that divides the body perpendicularly to the medial plane; Imaginary line that divides the body into right and left portions.
lumbar regions
Left and right regions of the body near the abdomen.
medial
At or near the middle (of the body).
medial plane or midsagittal plane
Imaginary line that divides the body into equal left and right halves.
prone
Lying on the stomach with the face down.
proximal
At or near the point of attachment to the trunk.
superficial
At or near the surface (of the body).
superior
Above another body structure.
supine
Lying on the spine facing upward.
transverse plane
Imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally.
umbilical region
Area of the body surrounding the umbilicus.
Cephalic
(head)
Frontal
(forehead)
Orbital
(eye cavity)
Buccal
(cheek)
Mental
(chin)
Sternal
sternum area
Pectoral region
(chest)
Inguinal
(groin)
Coxal
(hip)
Umbilical
(navel)
Pedal
(foot)
Tarsal
(instep)
Crural
(leg)
Genital
(reproductive organs)
Digital
(finger)
Palmar
(palm)
Carpal
(wrist)
Antebrachial
(forearm)
Abdominal
(abdomen)
Antecubital
(front of elbow)
Brachial
(arm)
Mammary
(breast)
Axillary
(armpit)
Acromial
(point of shoulder)
Cervical
(neck)
Oral
(mouth)
Nasal
(nose)
Otic
(ear)
Occipital
(back of head)
Acromial
(point of shoulder)
Vertebral
(spinal column)
Dorsal
(back)
Cubital
(elbow)
Lumbar
(lower back)
Sacral
(between hips)
Gluteal
(buttocks)
Perineal
gooch
Femoral
(thigh)
Popliteal
(back of knee)
Plantar
(sole)
abdomin(o)
abdomen
acetabul(o)
cup-shaped hip socket
aden(o)
gland
adip(o)
fat
adren(o)
adrenal glands
alveol(o)
air sac, alveolus
angi(o)
vessel
aort(o)
aorta
appendic(o)
appendix
arteri(o)
artery
arteriol(o)
arteriole
arthr(o)
joint; articulation
aur(i), auricul(o)
ear
blephar(o)
eyelid
brachi(o)
arm
bronch(o), bronchi
bronchus
bucc(o)
cheek
burs(o)
bursa
calcane(o)
heel bone
cardi(o)
heart; esophageal opening of the stomach
carp(o)
wrist bones
celi(o)
abdomen
cephal(o)
head
cerebell(o)
cerebellum
cerebr(o)
cerebrum
cervic(o)
neck; cervix
cheil(o), chil(o)
lip
chir(o)
hand
chol(e), cholo
bile
chondri(o), chondr(o)
cartilage
col(o), colon(o)
colon
colp(o)
vagina
core(o)
pupil
cortic(o)
cortex
costi, costo
rib
crani(o)
cranium
cyst(i), cysto
bladder; cyst
cyt(o)
cell
dactyl(o)
fingers, toes
dent(i), dento
tooth
derm(o), derma, dermat(o)
skin
duoden(o)
duodenum
encephal(o)
brain
enter(o)
intestines
episi(o)
vulva
gastr(o)
stomach
gingiv(o)
gum
gloss(o)
tongue
gnath(o)
jaw
gonad(o)
sex glands
hem(a), hemat(o), hemo
blood
hepat(o), hepatic(o)
liver
hidr(o)
sweat
histi(o), histo
tissue
hyster(o)
uterus, hysteria
ile(o)
ileum
ili(o)
ilium
inguin(o)
groin
irid(o)
iris
ischi(o)
ischium
kary(o)
nucleus
kerat(o)
cornea
labi(o)
lip
lamin(o)
lamina
lapar(o)
abdominal wall
laryng(o)
larynx
linguo
tongue
lip(o)
fat
lymph(o)
lymph
mast(o)
breast
maxill(o)
maxilla
medull(o)
medulla
mening(o)
meninges
muco
mucus
my(o)
muscle
myel(o)
spinal cord; bone marrow
nephr(o)
kidney
neur, neuro
nerve
oculo
eye
odont(o)
tooth
onych(o)
nail
oo
egg
oophor(o)
ovary
ophthalm(o)
eye
opto, optico
eye; sight
or(o)
mouth
orchi(o), orchid(o)
testis
osseo, ossi
bone
ost(e), osteo
bone
ot(o)
ear
ovari(o)
ovary
ovi, ovo
egg; ova
ped(o), pedi
foot; child
pelvi(o), pelvo
pelvic bone; hip
pharyng(o)
pharynx
phleb(o)
vein
phren(o), phreni, phrenico
diaphragm; mind
pil(o)
hair
plasma, plasmo, plasmat(o)
plasma
pleur(o), pleura
rib; side; pleura
pneum(a), pneumat(o), pneum(o), pneumon(o)
lungs; air; breathing
pod(o)
foot
proct(o)
anus
psych(o), psyche
mind
pulmon(o)
lung
pyel(o)
renal pelvis
rachi(o)
spine
rect(o)
rectum
reni, reno
kidney
rhin(o)
nose
sacr(o)
sacrum
sarco
fleshy tissue; muscle
scler(o)
sclera
sial(o)
salivary glands; saliva
sigmoid(o)
sigmoid colon
somat(o)
body
sperma, spermato, spermo
semen; spermatozoa
splanchn(o), splanchni
viscera
splen(o)
spleen
spondyl(o)
vertebra
stern(o)
sternum
steth(o)
chest
stom(a), stomat(o)
mouth
ten(o), tendin(o), tendo, tenon(o)
tendon
test(o)
testis
thorac(o), thoracico
thorax, chest
thym(o)
thymus gland
thyr(o)
thyroid gland
trache(o)
trachea
trachel(o)
neck
trich(o), trichi
hair
varico
varicosity
vas(o)
blood vessel, duct
vasculo
blood vessel
veni, veno
vein
ventricul(o)
ventricle
vertebro
vertebra
vesic(o)
bladder
