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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 - Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

axial portion of the skeleton

A

includes the trunk and head

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2
Q

appendicular portion of the skeleton

A

includes the limbs

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3
Q

long bone

A

Any bone of the extremities with a shaft; The longest portion of a long bone is called the shaft.

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4
Q

femur

A

Long bone of the thigh; The femur is the longest bone in the body.

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5
Q

radius

A

Shorter bone of the forearm; bone in line with thumb

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6
Q

ulna

A

Larger bone of the forearm; bone in line with pinky

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7
Q

Flexion

A

the bending of a limb.

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8
Q

Extension

A

the straightening of a limb.

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9
Q

Rotation

A

the circular move ment of a part, such as the neck.

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10
Q

Abduction

A

move ment away fro m the body.

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11
Q

Adduction

A

move ment toward the body.

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12
Q

Supination

A

a turning up, as of the hand.

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13
Q

Pronation

A

a turning down, as of the hand.

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14
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

a bending up, as of the ankle.

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15
Q

Plantar flexion

A

a bending down, as of the ankle.

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16
Q

acetabulum

A

Cup-shaped depression in the hip bone into which the top of the femur fits.

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17
Q

acromion

A

Part of the scapula that connects to the clavicle.

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18
Q

amphiarthrosis (pl., amphiarthoses)

A

Cartilaginous joint having some movement at the union of two bones.

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19
Q

ankle

A

Hinged area between the lower leg bones and the bones of the foot.

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20
Q

articular cartilage

A

Cartilage at a joint.

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21
Q

articulation

A

Point at which two bones join together to allow movement.

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22
Q

atlas

A

First cervical vertebra.

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23
Q

axis

A

Second cervical vertebra.

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24
Q

bone

A

hard connective tissue that forms the skeleton of the body.

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25
Q

bone head

A

Upper, rounded end of a bone.

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26
Q

bone phagocyte

A

Bone cell that ingests dead bone and bone debris.

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27
Q

bursa (pl., bursae)

A

Sac lined with a synovial membrane that fills the spaces between tendons and joints.

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28
Q

calcaneus

A

Heel bone.

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29
Q

calcium

A

Mineral important in the formation of bone.

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30
Q

cancellous bone

A

Spongy bone with a latticelike structure.

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31
Q

cardiac muscle

A

Striated involuntary muscle of the heart.

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32
Q

carpus or carpal bone

A

Wrist or wrist bone.

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33
Q

cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue found in joints, fetal skeleton, and the lining of various parts of the body.

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34
Q

cartilaginous

A

Thick, circular mass of cartilage between the vertebrae of the spinal column.

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35
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

Seven vertebrae of the spinal column located in the neck.

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36
Q

clavicle

A

Curved bone of the shoulder that joins to the scapula; collar bone.

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37
Q

coccyx

A

Small bone consisting of four fused vertebrae at the end of the spinal column; tailbone.

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38
Q

compact bone

A

Hard bone with a tightly woven structure.

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39
Q

condyle

A

Rounded surface at the end of a bone.

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40
Q

crest

A

Bony ridge.

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41
Q

diaphysis

A

Long middle section of a long bone; shaft.

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42
Q

diarthroses (sing., diarthrosis)

A

Freely movable joints.

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43
Q

dorsal vertebrae

A

Thoracic vertebrae.

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44
Q

elbow

A

Joint between the upper arm and the forearm.

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45
Q

endosteum

A

Lining of the medullary cavity.

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46
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

Cartilaginous tissue that is replaced during growth years, but eventually calcifies and disappears when growth stops.

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47
Q

ethmoid bone

A

Irregular bone of the face attached to the sphenoid bone.

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48
Q

ethmoid sinuses

A

Sinuses on both sides of the nasal cavities between each eye and the sphenoid sinus.

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49
Q

fascia (pl., fasciae)

A

Sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses muscles.

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50
Q

fibula

A

Smallest long bone of the lower leg.

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51
Q

fissure

A

Deep furrow or slit.

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52
Q

flat bones

A

Thin, flattened bones that cover certain areas, as of the skull.

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53
Q

fontanelle

A

Soft, membranous section on top of an infant’s skull.

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54
Q

foramen

A

Opening or perforation through a bone.

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55
Q

foramen magnum

A

Opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

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56
Q

fossa (pl., fossae)

A

Depression, as in a bone.

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57
Q

frontal bone

A

Large bone of the skull that forms the top of the head and forehead.

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58
Q

frontal sinuses

A

Sinuses above the eyes.

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59
Q

heel

A

Back, rounded portion of the foot.

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60
Q

humerus

A

Long bone of the arm connecting to the scapula on top and the radius and ulna at the bottom.

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61
Q

ilium

A

Wide portion of the hip bone.

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62
Q

insertion

A

Point at which a muscle attaches to a movable bone.

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63
Q

involuntary muscle

A

Muscle not movable at will.

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64
Q

irregular bones

A

Any of a group of bones with a special shape to fit into certain areas of the skeleton, such as the skull.

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65
Q

ischium

A

One of three fused bones that form the pelvic girdle.

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66
Q

joint

A

Place of joining between two or more bones.

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67
Q

lacrimal bone

A

Thin, flat bone of the face.

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68
Q

lamina (pl., laminae)

A

Thin, flat part of either side of the arch of a vertebra.

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69
Q

ligament

A

Sheet of fibrous tissue connecting and supporting bones; attaches bone to bone.

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70
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

Five vertebrae of the lower back.

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71
Q

malleolus (pl., malleoli)

A

Rounded protrusion of the tibia or fibula on either side of the ankle.

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72
Q

mandible

A

U-shaped bone of the lower jaw.

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73
Q

mandibular bone

A

Mandible.

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74
Q

marrow

A

Connective tissue filling the medullary cavity, often rich in nutrients.

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75
Q

mastoid process

A

Protrusion of the temporal bone that sits behind

the ear.

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76
Q

maxillary bone

A

Bone of the upper jaw.

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77
Q

maxillary sinus

A

Sinus on either side of the nasal cavity below the eyes.

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78
Q

medullary cavity

A

Soft center cavity in bone that often holds marrow.

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79
Q

metacarpal

A

One of five bones of the hand between the wrist and the fingers.

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80
Q

metaphysis

A

Section of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis.

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81
Q

metatarsal bones

A

Bones of the foot between the instep (arch) and the toes.

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82
Q

muscle

A

Contractile tissue that plays a major role in body movement.

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83
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

System of the body including the muscles and skeleton.

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84
Q

nasal bones

A

Bones that form the bridge of the nose.

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85
Q

nasal cavity

A

Cavity on either side of the nasal septum.

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86
Q

neural canal

A

Space through which the spinal cord passes.

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87
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

Fibrous mass in the center portion of the intervertebral disk.

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88
Q

occipital bone

A

Bone that forms the lower back portion of the skull.

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89
Q

olecranon

A

Curved end of the ulna to which tendons of the arm muscles attach; bony prominence of the elbow.

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90
Q

origin

A

Point at which muscles attach to stationary bone.

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91
Q

osseous tissue

A

Connective tissue into which calcium salts are deposited.

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92
Q

ossification

A

Hardening into bone.

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93
Q

osteoblast

A

Cell that forms bone.

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94
Q

osteoclast

A

Large cell that reabsorbs and removes osseous tissue.

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95
Q

osteocyte

A

Bone cell.

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96
Q

palatine bone

A

Bone that helps form the hard palate and nasal cavity; located behind the maxillary bones.

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97
Q

parietal bone

A

Flat, curved bone on either side of the upper part of the skull.

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98
Q

patella

A

Large, sesamoid bone that forms the kneecap.

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99
Q

pelvic cavity

A

Cup-shaped cavity formed by the large bones of the pelvic girdle; contains female reproductive organs, sigmoid colon, bladder, and rectum.

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100
Q

pelvic girdle

A

Hip bones.

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101
Q

pelvis

A

Cup-shaped ring of bone and ligaments at the base of the trunk.

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102
Q

periosteum

A

Fibrous membrane covering the surface of bone.

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103
Q

phalanges (sing., phalanx)

A

Long bones of the fingers and toes.

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104
Q

phosphorus

A

Mineral important to the formation of bone.

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105
Q

process

A

Bony outgrowth or projection.

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106
Q

pubes

A

Anteroinferior portion of the hip bone.

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107
Q

pubic symphysis

A

Joint between the two public bones.

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108
Q

rib

A

One of twenty-four bones that form the chest wall.

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109
Q

sacrum

A

Next-to-last spinal vertebra made up of five fused bones; vertebra that forms part of the pelvis.

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110
Q

scapula

A

Large flat bone that forms the shoulder blade.

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111
Q

sella turcica

A

Bony depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.

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112
Q

sesamoid bone

A

Bone formed in a tendon over a joint.

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113
Q

shin

A

Anterior ridge of the tibia.

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114
Q

short bones

A

Square-shaped bones with approximately equal dimensions on all sides.

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115
Q

sinus

A

Hollow cavity, especially either of two cavities on the sides of the nose.

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116
Q

skeleton

A

Bony framework of the body.

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117
Q

smooth muscle

A

Fibrous muscle of internal organs that acts involuntarily.

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118
Q

sphenoid bone

A

Bone that forms the base of the skull.

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119
Q

sphenoid sinus

A

Sinus above and behind the nose.

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120
Q

spinal column

A

Column of vertebrae at the posterior of the body, from the neck to the coccyx.

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121
Q

spinous process

A

Protrusion from the center of the vertebral arch.

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122
Q

spongy bone

A

Bone with an open latticework filled with connective tissue or marrow.

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123
Q

sternum

A

Long, flat bone that forms the midline of the anterior of the thorax.

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124
Q

striated muscle

A

Muscle with a ribbed appearance that is controlled at will.

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125
Q

styloid process

A

Peg-shaped protrusion from a bone.

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126
Q

sulcus (pl., sulci)

A

Groove or furrow in the surface of bone.

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127
Q

suture

A

joining of two bone parts with a fibrous membrane.

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128
Q

symphysis

A

Type of cartilaginous joint uniting two bones.

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129
Q

synarthrosis

A

Fibrous joint with no movement.

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130
Q

synovial fluid

A

Fluid that serves to lubricate joints.

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131
Q

synovial joint

A

A joint that moves.

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132
Q

synovial membrane

A

Connective tissue lining the cavity of joints and producing the synovial fluid.

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133
Q

tarsus or tarsal bones

A

Seven bones of the instep (arch of the foot).

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134
Q

temporal bone

A

Large bone forming the base and sides of the skull.

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135
Q

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

Joint of the lower jaw between the temporal bone and the mandible.

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136
Q

tendon

A

Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone or other structures.

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137
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

Twelve vertebrae of the chest area.

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138
Q

thorax

A

Part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; chest.

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139
Q

tibia

A

Larger of the two lower leg bones.

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140
Q

transverse process

A

Protrusion on either side of the vertebral arch.

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141
Q

trochanter

A

Bony protrusion at the upper end of the femur.

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142
Q

true ribs

A

Seven upper ribs of the chest that attach to the sternum.

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143
Q

tubercle

A

Slight bony elevation to which a ligament or muscle may be attached.

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144
Q

tuberosity

A

Large elevation in the surface of a bone.

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145
Q

vertebra (pl., vertebrae)

A

One of the bony segments of the spinal column.

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146
Q

vertebral body

A

Main portion of the vertebra, separate from the arches of the vertebra.

147
Q

vertebral column

A

Spinal column.

148
Q

visceral muscle

A

Smooth muscle.

149
Q

vitamin D

A

Vitamin important to the formation of bone.

150
Q

voluntary muscle

A

Striated muscle.

151
Q

vomer

A

Flat bone forming the nasal septum.

152
Q

zygomatic bone

A

Bone that forms the cheek.

153
Q

acetabul(o)

A

acetabulum

154
Q

acromi(o)

A

end point of the scapula

155
Q

ankyl(o

A

bent, crooked

156
Q

arthr(o)

A

joint

157
Q

brachi(o)

A

arm

158
Q

burs(o)

A

bursa

159
Q

calcane(o)

A

heel

160
Q

calci(o)

A

calcium

161
Q

carp(o)

A

wrist

162
Q

cephal(o)

A

head

163
Q

cervic(o)

A

neck

164
Q

chondr(o)

A

cartilage

165
Q

condyl(o)

A

knob, knuckle

166
Q

cost(o)

A

rib

167
Q

crani(o)

A

skull

168
Q

dactyl(o)

A

fingers, toes

169
Q

fasci(o)

A

fascia

170
Q

femor(o)

A

femur

171
Q

fibr(o)

A

fiber

172
Q

humer(o)

A

humerus

173
Q

ili(o)

A

ilium

174
Q

ischi(o)

A

ischium

175
Q

kyph(o)

A

hump; bent

176
Q

lamin(o)

A

lamina

177
Q

leiomy(o)

A

smooth muscle

178
Q

lumb(o)

A

lumbar

179
Q

maxill(o)

A

upper jaw

180
Q

metacarp(o)

A

metacarpal

181
Q

my(o)

A

muscle

182
Q

myel(o)

A

spinal cord; bone marrow

183
Q

oste(o)

A

bone

184
Q

patell(o)

A

knee

185
Q

ped(i), ped(o)

A

foot

186
Q

pelv(i)

A

pelvis

187
Q

phalang(o)

A

finger or toe bone

188
Q

pod(o)

A

foot

189
Q

pub(o)

A

pubis

190
Q

rachi(o)

A

spine

191
Q

radi(o)

A

forearm bone

192
Q

rhabd(o)

A

rod-shaped

193
Q

rhabdomy(o)

A

striated muscle

194
Q

scapul(o)

A

scapula

195
Q

scoli(o)

A

curved

196
Q

spondyl(o)

A

vertebra

197
Q

stern(o)

A

sternum

198
Q

synov(o)

A

synovial membrane

199
Q

tars(o)

A

tarsus

200
Q

ten(o), tend(o), tendin(o)

A

tendon

201
Q

thorac(o)

A

thorax

202
Q

tibi(o)

A

tibia

203
Q

uln(o)

A

ulna

204
Q

vertebr(o)

A

vertebra

205
Q

A-K

A

above the knee (amputation)

206
Q

ASIS

A

anterior superior iliac spine

207
Q

B

A

bilateral

208
Q

B-K

A

below the knee (amputation)

209
Q

C 1, C 2, etc.

A

first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra, etc.

210
Q

Ca

A

calcium

211
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

212
Q

D 1, D 2, etc.

A

first dorsal vertebra, second dorsal vertebra, etc. (now referred to as first thoracic vertebra, second thoracic vertebra, etc.)

213
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease

214
Q

DTR

A

deep tendon reflex

215
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

216
Q

Fx

A

fracture

217
Q

IM

A

intramuscularly

218
Q

L

A

left

219
Q

L 1, L 2, etc.

A

first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, etc.

220
Q

MCP

A

metacarpophalangeal

221
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

222
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

223
Q

P

A

phosphorus

224
Q

PIP

A

proximal interphalangeal joints

225
Q

PSIS

A

posterior superior iliac spine

226
Q

R

A

right

227
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

228
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

229
Q

T1, T 2, etc.

A

first thoracic vertebra, second thoracic vertebra, etc.

230
Q

TMJ

A

temporomandibular joint

231
Q

arthrography

A

Radiography of a joint.

232
Q

arthroscopy

A

Examination with an instrument that explores the interior of a joint.

233
Q

bone scan

A

Radiographic or nuclear medicine image of a bone.

234
Q

chiropractor

A

Health care professional who works to align the spinal column so as to treat certain ailments.

235
Q

densitometer

A

Device that measures bone density using light and x-rays.

236
Q

diskography

A

Radiographic image of an intervertebral disk by injection of a contrast medium into the center of the disk.

237
Q

electromyogram

A

A graphic image of muscular action using electrical currents.

238
Q

goniometer

A

Instrument that measures angles or range of motion in a joint.

239
Q

myelography

A

Radiographic imaging of the spinal cord.

240
Q

orthopedist or orthopedic surgeon

A

Physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

241
Q

osteopath

A

Physician who combines manipulative treatment with conventional therapeutic measures.

242
Q

podiatrist

A

Medical specialist who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the foot.

243
Q

rheumatoid factor test

A

Test used to detect rheumatoid arthritis.

244
Q

rheumatologist

A

Physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the joints and musculoskeletal system.

245
Q

serum calcium

A

Test for calcium in the blood.

246
Q

serum creatine phosphokinase

A

Enzyme active in muscle contraction; usually phosphokinase is elevated after a myocardial infarction and in the presence of other degenerative muscle diseases.

247
Q

serum phosphorus

A

Test for phosphorus in the blood.

248
Q

Tinel’s sign

A

“Pins and needles” sensation felt when an injured nerve site is tapped.

249
Q

uric acid test

A

Test for acid content in urine; elevated levels may indicate gout.

250
Q

avulsion fracture

A

caused by the pulling of a ligament

251
Q

intracapsular fracture

A

fracture within the capsule of a joint.

252
Q

ankylosis

A

Stiffening of a joint, especially as a result of disease.

253
Q

arthralgia

A

Severe joint pain.

254
Q

arthritis

A

Any of various conditions involving joint inflammation.

255
Q

atrophy

A

Wasting away of tissue, organs, and cells, usually as a result of disease or loss of blood supply.

256
Q

bony necrosis

A

Death of portions of bone.

257
Q

bunion

A

An inflamed bursa at the foot joint, between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone.

258
Q

bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa.

259
Q

calcar

A

Spur.

260
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Pain and paresthesia in the hand due to repetitive motion injury of the median nerve.

261
Q

chondromalacia

A

Softening of cartilage.

262
Q

closed fracture

A

Fracture with no open skin wound.

263
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

Fracture of the lower end of the radius.

264
Q

comminuted fracture

A

Fracture with shattered bones.

265
Q

complex fracture

A

Fracture with part of the bone displaced.

266
Q

complicated fracture

A

Fracture involving extensive soft tissue injury.

267
Q

compound fracture

A

Fracture with an open skin wound; open fracture.

268
Q

compression fracture

A

Fracture of one or more vertebrae caused by compressing of the space between the vertebrae.

269
Q

contracture

A

Extreme resistance to the stretching of a muscle.

270
Q

crepitation, crepitus

A

noise made by rubbing together of bones.

271
Q

degenerative arthritis

A

Arthritis with erosion of the cartilage.

272
Q

dislocation

A

Movement of a joint out of its normal position as a result of an injury or sudden, strenuous movement.

273
Q

dystonia

A

Abnormal tone in tissues.

274
Q

epiphysitis

A

Inflammation of the epiphysis.

275
Q

exostosis

A

Abnormal bone growth capped with cartilage.

276
Q

flaccid

A

Without tone; relaxed.

277
Q

fracture

A

A break, especially in a bone.

278
Q

gouty arthritis, gout

A

Inflammation of the joints, present in gout; usually caused by uric acid crystals.

279
Q

greenstick fracture

A

Fracture with twisting or bending of the bone but no breaking; usually occurs in children.

280
Q

hairline fracture

A

Fracture with no bone separation or fragmentation.

281
Q

herniated disk

A

protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the neural canal.

282
Q

hypertrophy

A

Abnormal increase as in muscle size.

283
Q

hypotonia

A

Abnormally reduced muscle tension.

284
Q

impacted fracture

A

Fracture in which a fragment from one part of the fracture is driven into the tissue of another part.

285
Q

incomplete fracture

A

Fracture that does not go entirely through a bone.

286
Q

kyphosis

A

Abnormal posterior spine curvature.

287
Q

leiomyoma

A

Benign tumor of smooth muscle.

288
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of smooth muscle.

289
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal anterior spine curvature resulting in a sway back.

290
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

Progressive degenerative disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system and, later, other organs.

291
Q

myalgia

A

Muscle pain.

292
Q

myeloma

A

Bone marrow tumor.

293
Q

myodynia

A

Muscle pain.

294
Q

myoma

A

Benign muscle tumor.

295
Q

myositis

A

Inflammation of a muscle.

296
Q

open fracture

A

Fracture with an open skin wound; compound fracture.

297
Q

ostealgia

A

Bone pain.

298
Q

osteoarthritis

A

Arthritis with loss of cartilage.

299
Q

osteodynia

A

Bone pain.

300
Q

osteoma

A

Benign bone tumor, usually on the skull or mandible.

301
Q

osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone.

302
Q

osteoporosis

A

Degenerative thinning of bone.

303
Q

osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of bone.

304
Q

pathological fracture

A

Fracture occurring at the site of already damaged bone.

305
Q

phantom limb; phantom pain

A

Pain felt in a paralyzed or amputated limb.

306
Q

physical therapy

A

Movement therapy to restore use of damaged areas of the body.

307
Q

podagra

A

Pain in the big toe, often associated with gout.

308
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

Benign tumor in striated muscle.

309
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor in striated muscle.

310
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

Autoimmune disorder affecting connective tissue.

311
Q

rickets

A

Disease of the skeletal system, usually caused by vitamin D deficiency.

312
Q

rigidity

A

Stiffness.

313
Q

rigor

A

Stiffening.

314
Q

sciatica

A

Pain in the lower back, usually radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury or condition.

315
Q

scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spinal column.

316
Q

sequestrum

A

Piece of dead tissue or bone separated from the surrounding area.

317
Q

simple fracture

A

Fracture with no open skin wound.

318
Q

spasm

A

Sudden, involuntary muscle contraction.

319
Q

spastic

A

Tending to have spasms.

320
Q

spina bifida

A

Congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column.

321
Q

spinal curvature

A

Abnormal curvature of the spine.

322
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

Degenerative condition in which one vertebra

misaligns with the one below it; slipped disk.

323
Q

spondylolysis

A

Degenerative condition of the moving part of a vertebra.

324
Q

sprain

A

Injury to a joint without dislocation or fracture. (can involve a ligament). This is worse than a strain and often takes longer to heal than does a fracture and can be more painful.

325
Q

spur

A

Bony projection growing out of a bone; calcar.

326
Q

strain

A

Injury to a muscle as a result of improper use or overuse.

327
Q

subluxation

A

Partial dislocation, as between joint surfaces.

328
Q

talipes calcaneus

A

Deformity of the heel resulting from weakened calf muscles.

329
Q

talipes valgus

A

Foot deformity characterized by eversion of the foot.

330
Q

talipes varus

A

Foot deformity characterized by inversion of the foot.

331
Q

tendinitis, tendonitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon.

332
Q

tetany

A

Painfully long muscle contraction.

333
Q

tremor

A

Abnormal, repetitive muscle contractions.

334
Q

open reduction

A

done surgically to repair either fractured or dislocated

bones

335
Q

closed reduction

A

external manipulation used for dislocated bones, such as a shoulder bone.

336
Q

amputation

A

Cutting off of a limb or part of a limb.

337
Q

arthrocentesis

A

Removal of fluid from a joint with use of a puncture needle.

338
Q

arthrodesis

A

Surgical fusion of a joint to stiffen it.

339
Q

arthroplasty

A

Surgical replacement or repair of a joint.

340
Q

bone grafting

A

Transplantation of bone from one site to another.

341
Q

bunionectomy

A

Removal of a bunion.

342
Q

bursectomy

A

Removal of a bursa.

343
Q

casting

A

Forming of a cast in a mold; placing of fiberglass or plaster over a body part to prevent its movement.

344
Q

external fixation device

A

Device applied externally to hold a limb in place.

345
Q

internal fixation device

A

Device, such as a pin, inserted in bone to hold it in place.

346
Q

laminectomy

A

Removal of part of an intervertebral disk.

347
Q

myoplasty

A

Surgical repair of muscle tissue.

348
Q

orthosis or orthotic

A

external appliance used to immobilize or assist the movement of the spine or limbs.

349
Q

osteoclasis

A

Breaking of a bone in order to repair or reposition it.

350
Q

osteoplasty

A

Surgical replacement or repair of bone.

351
Q

osteotomy

A

Cutting of bone.

352
Q

prosthetic device

A

Artificial device used as a substitute for a missing or diseased body part.

353
Q

reduction

A

Return of a part to its normal position.

354
Q

splinting

A

Applying a splint to immobilize a body part.

355
Q

spondylosyndesis

A

Fusion of two or more spinal vertebrae.

356
Q

synovectomy

A

Removal of part or all of a joint’s synovial membrane.

357
Q

tenotomy

A

Surgical cutting of a tendon.

358
Q

traction

A

Dragging or pulling or straightening of something, as a limb, by attachment of elastic or other devices.

359
Q

analgesic

A

Agent that relieves pain.

360
Q

anti-inflammatory (corticosteroid)

A

Agent that reduces inflammation.

361
Q

muscle relaxant

A

Agent that relieves muscle stiffness.

362
Q

narcotic

A

Agent that relieves pain by affecting the body in ways that are similar to opium.

363
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

A

Agent that reduces inflammation without the use of steroids.

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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