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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

integumentary system

A

includes the skin or integument, the hair, the
nails, the sweat glands (also called the sudoriferous glands), and the oil-producing glands (also called the sebaceous glands); covers and protects the body, helps regulate the body’s temperature, excretes some of the body’s waste materials, and includes the body’s sensors for pain and sensation.

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2
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer of skin; made up of cells called squamous epithelium; nonvascular layer of skin, meaning that it does not contain blood vessels.

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3
Q

strata

A

sublayers

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4
Q

squamous epithelium

A

flat, scaly layer of cells in epidermis

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5
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

layers that make up the squamous epithelium

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6
Q

stratum corneum

A

top sublayer of the epidermis; flat layer of dead cells arranged in parallel rows. As new cell s are produced, the dead cells are sloughed off. As they die, the cells in the stratum corneum fill with keratin.

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7
Q

keratin

A

waterproof barrier to keep microorganisms out and moisture in; keratin of the epidermis is softer than the hard keratin in nails; Hard, horny protein that forms nails and hair.

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8
Q

stratum germinativum

A

bottom sublayer of the epidermis; here new cells are produced and pushed up to the stratum corneum.

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9
Q

melanocytes

A

Specialized cells in the epidermis that produce a pigment called melanin, which helps to determine skin and hair color. Melanin is essential in screening out ultraviolet rays of the sun that can harm the body’s cells.

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10
Q

dermis (also called the corium)

A

contains two sublayers (the papillary layer and the reticular layer); contains connective tissue that holds many capillaries, lymph cells, nerve endings, sebaceous and sweat glands, and hair follicles which nourish the dermis and serve as sensitive touch receptors

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11
Q

papillary layer

A

thin top layer of dermis containing small papillae (nipple-like masses)

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12
Q

reticular layer

A

thicker layer of dermis containing reticula (network of structures with connective tissue between)

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13
Q

collagen

A

The dermis connective tissue is composed primarily of collagen fibers that form a strong, elastic network. Collagen is a protein substance that is very tough, yet flexible.

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14
Q

striae

A

When the collagen fibers stretch, they form striae or stretch marks.

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15
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

between the dermis and the body’s inner organs; consists of adipose (or fatty) tissue and some layers of fibrous tissue, blood vessels and nerves. The layer of fatty tissue serves to protect the inner organs and to maintain the body’s temperature.

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16
Q

hair shaft

A

protrudes from the skin; composed of outer layers of scaly cells filled with inner layers of soft and hard keratin.

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17
Q

hair root

A

lies beneath the surface of the skin

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18
Q

follicles

A

tubular sacs that hold the hair fibers; shape of follicle determines shape of hair

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19
Q

epilation or depilation

A

general term for removal of hair by the roots

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20
Q

lunula

A

whitish half-moon at the base of most nails where keratin and other cells have mixed with air

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21
Q

exocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete outward toward the surface of the body through ducts

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22
Q

diaphoresis

A

The excretion of sweat

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23
Q

eccrine glands

A

excrete a colorless fluid that keeps the body at a constant

temperature

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24
Q

apocrine glands

A

appear during and after puberty and secrete sweat from the armpits, near the reproductive organs, and around the nipples; female breast, which contains mammary glands, is itself a specialized type of apocrine gland that is adapted to secreting milk after childbirth

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25
Q

ceruminous glands

A

specialized glands in the surface of the ear that secretes cerumen, a waxy substance that lubricates and protects the ear.

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26
Q

sebaceous glands

A

located in the dermis and secrete an oily substance called sebum, which is found at the base of the hair follicles, and serves to lubricate and protect the skin. Sebum forms a skin barrier against bacteria and fungi and also softens the surface of the skin.

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27
Q

adipose

A

fatty; relating to fat.

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28
Q

alopecia

A

Lack of hair in spots; baldness.

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29
Q

hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous skin layer; layer below the dermis.

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30
Q

integument

A

Skin and all the elements that are contained within and arise from it.

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31
Q

adip(o)

A

fatty

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32
Q

dermat(o), derm(o)

A

skin

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33
Q

hidr(o)

A

sweat, sweat glands

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34
Q

ichthy(o)

A

fish, scaly

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35
Q

kerat(o)

A

horny tissue

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36
Q

lip(o)

A

fatty

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37
Q

melan(o)

A

black, very dark

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38
Q

myc(o)

A

fungus

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39
Q

onych(o)

A

nail

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40
Q

pil(o)

A

hair

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41
Q

seb(o)

A

sebum, sebaceous glands

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42
Q

steat(o)

A

fat

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43
Q

trich(o)

A

hair

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44
Q

xanth(o)

A

yellow

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45
Q

xer(o)

A

dry

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46
Q

bx

A

biopsy

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47
Q

DLE

A

discoid lupus erythematosus

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48
Q

MRSA

A

A form of staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to a common group of antibiotics that include methicillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin.

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49
Q

PPD

A

purified protein derivative (of tuberculin)

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50
Q

PUVA

A

psoralen—ultraviolet A light therapy (used in the treatment of some disorders such as psoriasis)

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51
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

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52
Q

VRE

A

A form of enterococcus that is resistant to most antibiotics

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53
Q

exudate

A

Any fluid excreted out of tissue, especially fluid excreted out of an injury to the skin.

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54
Q

intradermal

A

Test that injects antigen or protein between layers of skin.

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55
Q

Mantoux test

A

Test for tuberculosis in which a small dose of tuberculin is injected intradermally with a syringe.

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56
Q

patch test

A

Test for allergic sensitivity in which a small dose of antigen is applied to the skin on a small piece of gauze.

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57
Q

Schick test

A

Test for diphtheria.

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58
Q

scratch test

A

Test for allergic sensitivity in which a small amount of antigen is scratched onto the surface of the skin.

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59
Q

tine test (TB tine)

A

Screening test for tuberculosis in which a small dose of tuberculin is injected into a series of sites within a small space with a tine (instrument that punctures the surface of the skin).

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60
Q

abscess

A

Localized collection of pus and other exudate, usually

accompanied by swelling and redness.

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61
Q

acne, acne vulgaris

A

Inflammatory eruption of the skin, occurring in or near sebaceous glands on the face, neck, shoulder, or upper back.

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62
Q

actinic keratosis

A

Overgrowth of horny skin that forms from over-exposure to sunlight; sunburn.

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63
Q

albinism

A

Rare, congenital condition causing either partial or total lack of pigmentation.

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64
Q

alopecia areata

A

Loss of hair in patches.

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65
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

Slow-growing cancer of the basal cells of the epidermis,

usually a result of sun damage.

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66
Q

nevus

A

birthmark; lesion (especially a hemangioma) visible at or soon after birth

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67
Q

bulla

A

Bubble-like blister on the surface of the skin.

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68
Q

burn

A

Damage to the skin caused by exposure to heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or other skin irritants.

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69
Q

callus

A

Mass of hard skin that forms as a cover over broken skin on certain areas of the body, especially the feet and hands.

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70
Q

candidiasis

A

Yeastlike fungus on the skin, caused by Candida; characterized by pruritus, white exudate, peeling, and easy bleeding; examples are thrush and diaper rash.

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71
Q

carbuncle

A

Infected area of the skin producing pus and usually accompanied by fever.

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72
Q

cellulitis

A

Severe inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous portions of the skin, usually caused by an infection that enters the skin through an opening, as a wound; characterized by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling.

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73
Q

cherry angioma

A

A dome-shaped vascular angioma lesion that usually occurs in the elderly.

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74
Q

chloasma

A

Group of fairly large, pigmented facial patches, often associated with pregnancy.

75
Q

cicatrix

A

Growth of fibrous tissue inside a wound that forms a scar; also, general term for scar.

76
Q

cold sore

A

Eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus Type 1.

77
Q

comedo

A

Open hair follicle filled with bacteria and sebum; common in acne; blackhead.

78
Q

corn

A

Growth of hard skin, usually on the toes.

79
Q

crust

A

Hard layer, especially one formed by dried pus, as in a scab.

80
Q

cyst

A

Abnormal sac containing fluid.

81
Q

decubitus

A

Chronic ulcer on skin over bony parts that are under constant pressure; pressure sore.

82
Q

depigmentation

A

Loss of color of the skin.

83
Q

dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin.

84
Q

discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)

A

Mild form of lupus.

85
Q

ecchymosis

A

Purplish skin patch (bruise) caused by broken blood vessels beneath the surface.

86
Q

eczema

A

Severe inflammatory condition of the skin, usually of unknown cause.

87
Q

erosion

A

Wearing away of the surface of the skin, especially when caused by friction.

88
Q

exanthematous

A

Viral disease that causes a rash on the skin.

89
Q

excoriation

A

Injury to the surface of the skin caused by a scratch, abrasion, or burn, usually accompanied by some oozing.

90
Q

fever blister

A

Eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus Type 1.

91
Q

first-degree burn

A

Least severe burn, causes injury to the surface of the skin without blistering.

92
Q

fissure

A

Deep slit in the skin.

93
Q

furuncle

A

Localized skin infection, usually in a hair follicle and containing pus; boil.

94
Q

gangrene

A

Death of an area of skin, usually caused by loss of blood supply to the area.

95
Q

herpes

A

An inflammatory skin disease caused by viruses of the family Herpesviridae.

96
Q

herpes simplex virus Type 1

A

Herpes that recurs on the lips and around the area of the mouth, usually during viral illnesses or states of stress.

97
Q

herpes simplex virus Type 2

A

herpes that recurs on the genitalia; can be easily transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact.

98
Q

herpes zoster

A

Painful herpes that affects nerve roots; shingles.

99
Q

impetigo

A

A type of pyoderma.

100
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Moritz Kaposi (1837–1902), Hungarian dermatologist. Skin cancer associated with AIDS.

101
Q

keloid

A

Thick scarring of the skin that forms after an injury or surgery.

102
Q

keratosis

A

Lesion on the epidermis containing keratin.

103
Q

lesion

A

Wound, damage, or injury to the skin.

104
Q

leukoderma

A

Absence of pigment in the skin or in an area of the skin.

105
Q

leukoplakia

A

White patch of mucous membrane on the tongue or cheek.

106
Q

macule

A

Small, flat, noticeably colored spot on the skin.

107
Q

malignant melanoma

A

Virulent skin cancer originating in the melanocytes, usually caused by overexposure to the sun.

108
Q

neoplasm

A

Abnormal tissue growth.

109
Q

nodule

A

Small knob of tissue.

110
Q

onychia, onychitis

A

Inflammation of the nail.

111
Q

onychopathy

A

Disease of the nail.

112
Q

papule

A

Small, solid elevation on the skin.

113
Q

paronychia

A

Inflammation, with pus, of the fold surrounding the nail plate.

114
Q

patch

A

Small area of skin differing in color from the surrounding area; plaque.

115
Q

pediculated

A

Polyp that projects upward from a slender stalk.

116
Q

pediculosis

A

Lice infestation.

117
Q

pemphigus

A

Autoimmune disease that causes skin blistering.

118
Q

petechia (pl., petechiae)

A

A tiny hemorrhage beneath the surface of the skin.

119
Q

pilonidal cyst

A

Cyst containing hair, usually found at the lower end

of the spinal column.

120
Q

plantar wart

A

Wart on the sole of the foot.

121
Q

polyp

A

Bulging mass of tissue that projects outward from the skin surface.

122
Q

pruritus

A

itching.

123
Q

psoriasis

A

Chronic skin condition accompanied by scaly lesions with extreme pruritus.

124
Q

purpura

A

Skin condition with extensive hemorrhages underneath the skin covering a wide area.

125
Q

pustule

A

Small elevation on the skin containing pus.

126
Q

pyoderma

A

Any inflammation of the skin that produces pus.

127
Q

ringworm

A

fungal infection; tinea.

128
Q

rosacea

A

Vascular disease that causes blotchy, red patches on the skin, particularly on the nose and cheeks.

129
Q

roseola

A

Skin eruption of small, rosy patches, usually caused by a virus.

130
Q

rubella

A

Disease that causes a viral skin rash; German measles.

131
Q

rubeola

A

Disease that causes a viral skin rash; measles.

132
Q

scabies

A

Skin eruption caused by a mite burrowing into the skin.

133
Q

scale

A

Small plate of hard skin that falls off.

134
Q

scleroderma

A

Thickening of the skin caused by an increase in collagen formation.

135
Q

sebaceous cyst

A

Cyst containing yellow sebum.

136
Q

seborrhea

A

Overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands.

137
Q

second-degree burn

A

Moderately severe burn that affects the epidermis and dermis; usually involves blistering.

138
Q

sessile polyp

A

Polyp that projects upward from a broad base.

139
Q

shingles

A

Viral disease affecting peripheral nerves and caused by herpes zoster.

140
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

Cancer of the squamous epithelium.

141
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

Most severe form of lupus, involving internal organs.

142
Q

telangiectasia

A

A permanent dilation of the small blood vessels.

143
Q

third-degree burn

A

Most severe type of burn; involves complete destruction of an area of skin.

144
Q

tinea

A

Fungal infection; ringworm.

145
Q

tumor

A

Any mass of tissue; swelling.

146
Q

ulcer

A

Open lesion, usually with superficial loss of tissue.

147
Q

urticaria

A

Group of reddish wheals, usually accompanied by pruritus and often caused by an allergy.

148
Q

varicella

A

Contagious skin disease, usually occurring during childhood, and often accompanied by the formation of pustules; chicken pox.

149
Q

vascular lesion

A

Lesion in a blood vessel that shows through the skin.

150
Q

verruca (pl., verrucae)

A

Flesh-colored growth, sometimes caused by a virus; wart.

151
Q

vesicle

A

small, raised sac on the skin containing fluid.

152
Q

vitiligo

A

Condition in which white patches appear on otherwise normally pigmented skin.

153
Q

wheal

A

Itchy patch of raised skin.

154
Q

whitehead

A

Closed comedo that does not contain the dark bacteria present in blackheads.

155
Q

autograft

A

Skin graft using skin from one’s own body.

156
Q

biopsy

A

Excision of tissue for microscopic examination.

157
Q

cauterize

A

To apply heat to an area to cause coagulation and stop bleeding.

158
Q

debridement

A

Removal of dead tissue from a wound.

159
Q

dermabrasion

A

Removal of wrinkles, scars, tattoos, and other marks by scraping with brushes or emery papers.

160
Q

electrodesiccation

A

Drying with electrical current.

161
Q

fulguration

A

Destruction of tissue using electric sparks.

162
Q

heterograft; xenograft

A

Skin graft using donor skin from one species to another

163
Q

homograft; allograft

A

Skin graft using donor skin from one person to another

164
Q

Mohs’ surgery

A

Frederic Edward Mohs (1910–1979), U.S. surgeon.; Removal of thin layers of malignant tissue until nonmalignant tissue is found.

165
Q

plastic surgery

A

Repair or reconstruction (as of the skin) by means of surgery.

166
Q

skin graft

A

Placement of fresh skin over a damaged area.

167
Q

alpha-hydroxy acid

A

agent added to cosmetics to improve the skin’s appearance.

168
Q

anesthetic

A

Agent that relieves pain by blocking nerve sensations.

169
Q

antibacterial

A

Agent that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.

170
Q

antibiotic

A

Agent that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms.

171
Q

antifungal

A

Agent that kills or slows the growth of fungi.

172
Q

antihistamine

A

Agent that controls allergic reactions by blocking the effectiveness of histamines in the body.

173
Q

anti-inflammatory

A

Agent that relieves the symptoms of inflammations.

174
Q

antipruritic

A

Agent that controls itching.

175
Q

antiseptic

A

Agent that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms.

176
Q

astringent

A

Agent that removes excess oils and impurities from the surface of skin.

177
Q

chemotherapy

A

Treatment of cancer that uses chemicals to destroy malignant cells.

178
Q

corticosteroid

A

Agent with anti-inflammatory properties.

179
Q

emollient

A

Agent that smooths or softens skin.

180
Q

keratolytic

A

agent that aids in the removal of warts and corns.

181
Q

parasiticide

A

Agent that kills or slows the growth of parasites.

182
Q

radiation therapy

A

Treatment of cancer that uses ionizing radiation to destroy malignant cells.

183
Q

topical anesthetic

A

Anesthetic applied to the surface of the skin.

184
Q

ultraviolet light

A

Artificial sunlight used to treat some skin lesions.

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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