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Microbio > Chapter 7 (EXAM 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 7 (EXAM 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fomite

A

An animate object

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2
Q

What is sterilization

A

Getting rid of all forms of live, including endospores, but not prions

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3
Q

What is disinfection

A

Destruction of the vegetative pathogens on nonliving surfaces

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4
Q

What is antisepsis

A

Destruction of vegetative pathogens on living tissue

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5
Q

What is degerming

A

Removal of microbes from a limited area, such as a skin around an injection site

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6
Q

What is sanitation

A

Making things favorable to health

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7
Q

What is nonsocomial

A

Referring to the hospital

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8
Q

What is pseudonomads

A

The type of gram - bacteria that is resistant in a hospital environment

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9
Q

What is broad-spectrum

A

The killing of a lot of different microorganisms

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10
Q

What is narrow spectrum

A

The killing of a few microorganisms

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11
Q

What are the physical methods of microbial removal and what parts does it affect

A

Affects the viral parts of a bacterium, cell wall, cell membrane, DNA, enzymes.
Disinfectants can destroy one or more, has to be pH of 7
Auto cleaving, spore strip test, boiling,, dry heat, UV light, ionizing radiation, chemical vapors, pasteurization, filtration

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12
Q

Describe the autoclave method

A

A stream under pressure that dentures proteins and DNA
Has to be a certain temp, within a time frame(15 min)
Prions are resistant

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13
Q

Describe the spore strip method

A

Certain endospores are incased in plastic and attached in pigments that will change colors if the autoclave works correctly

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14
Q

Describe boiling method

A

Directions have to be followed depending on what your sterilizing

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15
Q

Describe the tenderization method

A

Sterilization process where fluids are boiled and cooled over several days

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16
Q

Describe dry heat method

A

When flaming is done, if properly done, it destroys chemical bonds in enzymes, DNA, CW and cell membrane

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17
Q

Describe UV method

A

Longer wave length, destroys DNA

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18
Q

Describe ionizing radiation

A

Shorter wave length, creates ions that stick to DNA and makes it unusable/unreadable

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19
Q

Describe chemical vapors

A

Etholene oxide

Inhibits vital cell functions, mainly for materials that cannot be heated

20
Q

What is dessication

A

Drying things out

21
Q

What is lysolization

A

freeze drying

22
Q

What is pasteurization

A

NOT sterilizing
High heat is applied to fluids for a few seconds in order to kill some bacteria but not all. Helps to increase shelf life

23
Q

What is filtration

A

NOT sterlilizing

Necessary for heat-liable solutions

24
Q

What are hepa filters

A

Allows microorganisms that are .3 microns to not pass though the filter

25
Q

What are the chemical methods of microbial removal and its examples

A

Have the ability to destroy cw, cell membrane., DNA and enzymes
Include: factors of effectiveness and disinfectants,

26
Q

What are the factors of effectiveness

A

Temp: most chemicals work in room temp. 70 degrees
Organic matter: feces, urine and pus has to be removed before disinfectant or it won’t work
Time: designed to work after 10 min on the surface
Concentration: how much of the disinfectant is the most useful amount to work
microbiology type: prisons are the most resistant

27
Q

What is microbial death rate

A

Every minute a disinfectant is left on the surface ut kills 90% of the microbes
After 2 min= 90% of what’s left over is killed
After 10 min= disinfectant is no longer useful

28
Q

What are the disc diffusion methods

A

Plate of bacteria is prepared as bacterial lawn and discs are placed, impregnated with different types of disinfectants
After 24 hours a zone of inhibition surrounds the disc.
How big the clearing area is is based on
-how big the molecule of the disinfectant is
-how susceptible the bacterium is to the disinfectant

29
Q

Zone of inhibition: Resistant

A

Bacteria is growing right up against the disc

30
Q

Zone of inhibition: Intermediate

A

Little bit of a zone around the disc

31
Q

Zone of inhibition: Suseptible

A

Zone is bigger compared to others

32
Q

What does it meant to be bacteriostatic

A

After 24 hours of the disc diffusion being done, the bacteria starts to grow back in the zone area and the zone is not clear anymore.
Means disinfectant only slowed down binary fission, didn’t kill it

33
Q

What does it mean to be bacteria-systole

A

After 24 hours of the disc diffusion being done, the clearing area stays.
Means the bacteria was in fact killed

34
Q

What is the use-dilution test

A

When you take a metal ring disc that contains many types of bacteria and endospores.
Dip them into concentration of disinfectant for 10 minutes at room temp.
Put the disc again patry dish agar and watch for growth for 24 hours

35
Q

What do alcohols affect

A

Cell membrane lipids

36
Q

What are quats

A

effective against cell membrane, proteins, gram + organisms

Endospores and pseudo nomads are resistant

37
Q

What does soap affect

A

Only responsible for mechanical removal of microbes, more of a degermer
Which one to use depends on where you are and what microbes you come in contact with

38
Q

What organisms are resistant to disinfectants and aniseptics

A

Mycobacteria, endospores, protozoan cysts and oocytes

39
Q

Are non enveloped viruses more resistant than enveloped viruses

A

yes

40
Q

What organisms is resistant to disinfectants

A

prions

41
Q

What is the microbial resistance from more resistant to least

A

Prions, endospores, micro bacteria, cyst, vegetative, gram -, fungus, virus w/t envelope, gram +, virus with envelope

42
Q

What bacterial parts are vital to a bacterium

A

Cell wall, cell membrane, DNA, protein/enzyme

43
Q

What concentration of ethyl alcohol is more effective

A

70-30

44
Q

Why is autoclaving limited

A

Doesn’t kill endospores and requires a specific time and you can’t steam everything

45
Q

Which is more resistance gram- or gram+ & prions or viruses

A

gram- and prions

46
Q

What happens each minute a antimicrobial is left on a surface

A

It kills 90% of the bacteria

47
Q

What are the disadvantages of UV radiation as a microbial control

A

UV doesn’t penetrate solids even if they’re clear

Microbio (16 decks)

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