Chapter 7 (EXAM 2) Flashcards
What is a fomite
An animate object
What is sterilization
Getting rid of all forms of live, including endospores, but not prions
What is disinfection
Destruction of the vegetative pathogens on nonliving surfaces
What is antisepsis
Destruction of vegetative pathogens on living tissue
What is degerming
Removal of microbes from a limited area, such as a skin around an injection site
What is sanitation
Making things favorable to health
What is nonsocomial
Referring to the hospital
What is pseudonomads
The type of gram - bacteria that is resistant in a hospital environment
What is broad-spectrum
The killing of a lot of different microorganisms
What is narrow spectrum
The killing of a few microorganisms
What are the physical methods of microbial removal and what parts does it affect
Affects the viral parts of a bacterium, cell wall, cell membrane, DNA, enzymes.
Disinfectants can destroy one or more, has to be pH of 7
Auto cleaving, spore strip test, boiling,, dry heat, UV light, ionizing radiation, chemical vapors, pasteurization, filtration
Describe the autoclave method
A stream under pressure that dentures proteins and DNA
Has to be a certain temp, within a time frame(15 min)
Prions are resistant
Describe the spore strip method
Certain endospores are incased in plastic and attached in pigments that will change colors if the autoclave works correctly
Describe boiling method
Directions have to be followed depending on what your sterilizing
Describe the tenderization method
Sterilization process where fluids are boiled and cooled over several days
Describe dry heat method
When flaming is done, if properly done, it destroys chemical bonds in enzymes, DNA, CW and cell membrane
Describe UV method
Longer wave length, destroys DNA
Describe ionizing radiation
Shorter wave length, creates ions that stick to DNA and makes it unusable/unreadable
Describe chemical vapors
Etholene oxide
Inhibits vital cell functions, mainly for materials that cannot be heated
What is dessication
Drying things out
What is lysolization
freeze drying
What is pasteurization
NOT sterilizing
High heat is applied to fluids for a few seconds in order to kill some bacteria but not all. Helps to increase shelf life
What is filtration
NOT sterlilizing
Necessary for heat-liable solutions
What are hepa filters
Allows microorganisms that are .3 microns to not pass though the filter
What are the chemical methods of microbial removal and its examples
Have the ability to destroy cw, cell membrane., DNA and enzymes
Include: factors of effectiveness and disinfectants,
What are the factors of effectiveness
Temp: most chemicals work in room temp. 70 degrees
Organic matter: feces, urine and pus has to be removed before disinfectant or it won’t work
Time: designed to work after 10 min on the surface
Concentration: how much of the disinfectant is the most useful amount to work
microbiology type: prisons are the most resistant
What is microbial death rate
Every minute a disinfectant is left on the surface ut kills 90% of the microbes
After 2 min= 90% of what’s left over is killed
After 10 min= disinfectant is no longer useful
What are the disc diffusion methods
Plate of bacteria is prepared as bacterial lawn and discs are placed, impregnated with different types of disinfectants
After 24 hours a zone of inhibition surrounds the disc.
How big the clearing area is is based on
-how big the molecule of the disinfectant is
-how susceptible the bacterium is to the disinfectant
Zone of inhibition: Resistant
Bacteria is growing right up against the disc
Zone of inhibition: Intermediate
Little bit of a zone around the disc
Zone of inhibition: Suseptible
Zone is bigger compared to others
What does it meant to be bacteriostatic
After 24 hours of the disc diffusion being done, the bacteria starts to grow back in the zone area and the zone is not clear anymore.
Means disinfectant only slowed down binary fission, didn’t kill it
What does it mean to be bacteria-systole
After 24 hours of the disc diffusion being done, the clearing area stays.
Means the bacteria was in fact killed
What is the use-dilution test
When you take a metal ring disc that contains many types of bacteria and endospores.
Dip them into concentration of disinfectant for 10 minutes at room temp.
Put the disc again patry dish agar and watch for growth for 24 hours
What do alcohols affect
Cell membrane lipids
What are quats
effective against cell membrane, proteins, gram + organisms
Endospores and pseudo nomads are resistant
What does soap affect
Only responsible for mechanical removal of microbes, more of a degermer
Which one to use depends on where you are and what microbes you come in contact with
What organisms are resistant to disinfectants and aniseptics
Mycobacteria, endospores, protozoan cysts and oocytes
Are non enveloped viruses more resistant than enveloped viruses
yes
What organisms is resistant to disinfectants
prions
What is the microbial resistance from more resistant to least
Prions, endospores, micro bacteria, cyst, vegetative, gram -, fungus, virus w/t envelope, gram +, virus with envelope
What bacterial parts are vital to a bacterium
Cell wall, cell membrane, DNA, protein/enzyme
What concentration of ethyl alcohol is more effective
70-30
Why is autoclaving limited
Doesn’t kill endospores and requires a specific time and you can’t steam everything
Which is more resistance gram- or gram+ & prions or viruses
gram- and prions
What happens each minute a antimicrobial is left on a surface
It kills 90% of the bacteria
What are the disadvantages of UV radiation as a microbial control
UV doesn’t penetrate solids even if they’re clear
