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Microbio > Chapter 11,21-26 (EXAM 3) > Flashcards

Chapter 11,21-26 (EXAM 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Mycology

A

The study of fungai

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2
Q

What are saprophytes

A

Organism that feeds off of the materials of a dead organism

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3
Q

Fungai vs Bacteria

FUNGAI

A

Eukaryotic
Have sterols in cw
Cw= chitin. glucons, mannon
Have sexual and asexual reproductive spores
Heterotrophic, aerobic, some facultative anaerobic

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4
Q

Fungai vs Bacteria

BACTERIA

A 
Prokaryotic
no sterols in cw, except mysoplasma
cw=peptidoglycan
Have endospores but not for reproduction
Heterotrophic, autotrophic, aerobic, facultative anaerobic
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5
Q

What is budding

A

When a smaller piece, bud, breaks off the parent cell; leaves a budding scar, is unequal division

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6
Q

Describe a unicellular fungi

A

Yeast

Exhibits mold like growth and begins to grow hyphostrands when there’s high carbon dioxide and low temperature

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7
Q

Describe a multicellular fungi

A

Has notable parts:
sporehead-contains spot like spores
aerial hyphae- holds the spores up, stalk like
hyphae-the part thats embedded into the media
vegetative hyphae- absorbs the food from the substrate their sitting on
Mycellium- also known as the thallus, is the body of the fungus

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8
Q

Describe the hyphae

A

Is septet, has crosswalls that separates cells and nuclei free float, or coenocytic, doesn’t have crosswalls but too has free floating nucli
Live in all habitats: soil, water, on a host
Some are facultative anaerobes ( yeast)

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9
Q

candida sporehead

A

arranged in chains

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10
Q

arthrocandia sporehead

A

look like joint fragmants

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11
Q

blastocandida sporehead

A

formed from buds of yeast

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12
Q

chlamydoconidium sporehead

A

thick walled cells within the hyphae

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13
Q

sporangiophores sporehead

A

formed from a sporangium of rhizopus

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14
Q

Asexual vs sexual spores

ASEXUAL

A

Airborne and germinate immediately once they land

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15
Q

Asexual vs sexual spores

SEXUAL

A

Formed by some fungi during times of environmental stress
1.2 strands bind:plasmogony 2.zygote forms 3.karyogamly and mitosis occur 4.zygote produces sporangium 5.spores are released from sporangium 6.spores germinate and produce hyphae

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16
Q

What are the functions of spores

A

They are decomposers, break down already dead material and bring nutrients back to the soil for another to grow
Body yeast live in concert to bacteria on/on our bodies

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17
Q

What infections can fungi cause and why

A

Fungi reproduces only when bacteria levels are low they can cause
thrush ( in mouth ) no taste, white
Volvovaginitis ( In vagina ) itchy, cheesy discharge
Candidavocins ( Skin ) smells in skin folds

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18
Q

Compared to bacteria, what are the advantages of fungi

A

Have more compared to bacteria.
can grow in less water, can grow in more hypertonic environment and in lower pH and can live in soil with less nitrogen
BUT endospores of bacteria are better then fungi’s asexual ones

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19
Q

What is a Ascomyse

A

Have a sac, ascos
Contain penecillin, asperigillus and yeast
Some are anamorphes

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20
Q

What is a basidiomycota

A

Contain mushrooms, refers to a club

One that causes disease is the cryptococus( comes from pigeon droppings, can cause meningitis )

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21
Q

What is a zygomycota

A

contains rhizopus

produce asexually and sexually

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22
Q

What is a mycrospordia

A

were once considered protist
Do not have hyphae, mitochondria or microtubials
Found in chronically ill patients ( AIDS/HIV )
Cause diarrea or cognitive itis

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23
Q

What is the lichen adaptation

A

2 organisms living together in a symbiotic mutualistic relationship
Between a fungus and something that photosynthesizes
fungus provides a foundation for them, sticks to surfaces and absorbes moisture for photosynthetic partner
algae absorbs sunlight and provides food for the fungus
Once each partner gets what they need from the environment, they separate and cannot come back together again

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24
Q

What is the microriosin adaptation

A

Symbiotic mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant root

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25
What is histoplasmosis
Comes from the histoplasmosa fungi, highter rates in Mississippi/ohio valley Ilnness starts at the lungs and spreads to the body systems causing lissions Obtained from inhalation of spores or digging in the dirt and inhaling that The spores and fungus is found in the droppings of birds and bats 50 deaths per year, mainly people who live with fungus or are immunocompromised ( AIDS )
26
What is pheumocytis
A common fungi that causes pneumonia like symptoms in AIDS patients other common fungai infections include: mucor, rhizopus, asperigillus and candida
27
What is crytococcosis
A fungi that grows in pigeon and chicken droppings cause lung lissions, spread through blood and CNS if inhaled Diagnosed using a light microscope
28
What is sporotrichosis
Subcutaneous fungi infection that affects gardeners wutg cuts on hands and digging in soil Can cause blood infections but can be treated with fungicide or potassium iodine solution
29
What are some cutanous diseases
ring worm: caused by fungi, and moisture | Athlete's foot: caused by fungi in locations where there's increased amount of human cells and moisture
30
What are some examples of opportunistic fungi
Fungi given the opportunity to proliferate will Candida albicans: unicellular Oral candidiasis: thrush
31
What are protozoa
Small animal like organisms that are microscopic and live in moist/watery environments Eukaryotic, unicellular, chem-heterotrophs and aerobic L:ive in water environment and most soil Some go through schizonogy
32
What are the types of Protista
Cilliate Amebae apicomplexa Euglena
33
Describe a cilliate
Protozoa Has cilia on the outside that allows it to move through watery environment Has a pellicle: flexible cw sytosome: mouth like structure that allows water to go in food vacuoles: pinches food as it comes in and left over exits through anal pore region
34
Describe a Amebae and its diseases
Move by forming psudopods aka fake feet | most are nonpathogenic, the ones that are pathogenic are A.canthamoeba and E.hystolytica
35
What protozoa causes inflammation of the cornea
A.canthamoeba
36
What protozoa effects the intestines and breaks up tissue and is gotten from contaminated water
E.hystolytica
37
What is a plasmodium
A Apicomplexa protozoa Causes malaria Causes RBC to rupture, leading to fever, chills and when it gets worse the kidneys fail, ultimately going into the coma Vector= mosquito
38
What is a taxoplasmigondia
causes toxoplasmosis, an apicomplexa protozoa Fetus is the most vulnerable, can get brain damage or death Adults can get it from undercooked meats Defenitive host=cat intermediate host= mice, cattle and adults
39
Describe a Euglena and its diseases
A protozoa type Photosynthetic organism thats an autotroph or kemoheterotroph ( eats food in the dark ) trypanasoma, leishmaniasis, nagleria, t-vaginalis, giardia lambia, dinoflagellates
40
trypanosome
Euglena, 2 types American version, t-cruzzi, kissing bug. causes inflammation of the heart, colon, esophagus and CNS African type, tsete fly, sang fly; causes inflammation and people to sleep a lot
41
leishmaniasis
Euglena. Leaves a skin session and can heal but if it gets into organ, causes death
42
nagleria
Euglena, Proliferates in water where people swim. causes meaning ensafilatis and kills
43
T-vaginalis
Euglena. Attaches to the inside or vagina can get from sitting on toilets, dirty towels, and sexual, Causes inflammation of urinary tubes and reproductive organs
44
Giardia Lambia
Euglena. 30% of daycare kids get from contaminated food or water Often asymptomatic but can have periodic abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, smelly and greasy fecal
45
dinoflagellates
Euglena. Produce neurotoxins that can paralyze and kill fish, marine mammals and rarely humans
46
What is Ricketsia
Transmitted via anthropods Unusual bacteria, gram -, not visible in gram staining cause spotted fevers
47
What are the types of rickettsia diseases
Ricketsia provasekia, Ricketsia typhae, Ricketsia ricketsiai
48
Ricketsia provasekia
Causes epidemic typhus indirect biological vector: Lice dedicate, humans scratch allowing poop to enter wounds Causes spotted fever, chills, headaches and aches
49
Ricketsia typha
Endemic typhus, always present where rats and mice are Carried by fleas in rodents Flies bite and gives spotted fever people can recover from it
50
Ricketsia ricketsiai
Transmitted via ticks that cause mountain spotted fever
51
What is Rocky Mountain fever
Tick is the vector Spotted fever that starts at ankles and wrists and spreads low platelet count and liver enzymes can be abnormal death in 30% basis
52
How can you treat rickettsia
through tetracycline and chlorynfinical
53
What is chlamydiae
Unusual bacteria, obligate intercellular parasites | different species have different ways of transmission
54
What are the types of chlamydiae diseases
Chlamydiae trechomatis, PID, Chlamydiae psittcci, Chlamydiae pneumonia
55
Chlamydiae trechomatis
Sexually transmitted disease Silent, people can go many years without symptoms and will realize when reproductive structures are damaged But can also get into other tissues in the body: eye=pink eye If transmitted reproductively can cause Lymphogranuoloma venerium
56
What is Lymphogranuoloma venerium
When Chlamydiae trechomatis is transmitted reproductively Can lead to ectopic pregnancy Fallopian tubes will become inflamed and cause blockage can cause painful burning during urination if it gets into the urinary tract
57
PID
Can be caused by many organisms but can be caused due to prolong infections of chlamydiae Causes pelvis to become enlarged
58
Chlamydiae psittcci
Airborne chlamydiae, Type of respiratory pneumonia if inhaled Causes ornithosis transmitted from domesticated birds
59
Chlamydiae pneumonia
Airborne chlamydiae, Type of respiratory pneumonia if inhaled Causes pneumonia
60
How can chlamydiae be treated
With tetracyclines
61
What is mycoplasma
Unusual bacteria, found in the early 70's, confused with viral pneumonia Only seen with light compound microscope Grow on horse serum yeast extract media Fried egg looking colonies, have no cw, outer layer serves as cw and membrane, contains sterols
62
What are the diseases caused by mycoplasma
Ureaplasma pneumonia and Ureaplasma urealytica
63
How are mycoplasma treated
With tetracyclines
64
What are helminths
Parasitic round and flat worms Eukaryotic and multicellular, few to no symptoms; only their reproductive system is highly developed Diseases are transmitted via GI tract or FO root
65
What are the types of helminths
Platyhelminths, Cestodes, Nematodes
66
Describe a Platyhelminths
A flat helminth Smaller group= trimatode;fluke Have suckers that allow them to stick to intestines. There are liver, blood and lung ones, many others
67
What is a schistosomiasis
A type of fluke, split body, women lives on bottom reproducing and fertilizing eggs continuously Man lives at top, using its sucker to attach to host Is the 2nd to malaria in people killer *swimmers itch*
68
What is swimmers itch
Caused by schistosomiasis blocks veins in the body causing granulomas to develop obtained from fecal matter of geese/swan
69
Describe a cestode and its disease
A flat helminth, tapeworm Many species, fish, pork, beef Get from eating undercooked meats, eating the worm itself or eating the cysticercus Attach to intestines with hooks and suckers Easily transmitted though fecal matter People who have them are asymptomatic with periodic diarrhea EAT OUR INTESTINAL FOOD, NOT BLOOD OR TISSUE causes Hyatids disease
70
What is hydatids disease
from a cestode Develops in response to eating larvae, cysts will for and grow, containing gallons of fluids Form in lungs and liver and bran and can burst=death
71
Describe a nematode and its illnesses
Round helminths, have a complete digestive system, common ones are pinworms flookworms EAT OUR BLOOD AND TISSUE Illnesses: Trichinellosis, Ascariasis, Riverblindness, Whipworm, Elephanitis
72
What is pica
caused by nematodes, people eat weird items because of low iron due to nematodes eating our blood and tissue
73
Trichinellosis
Nematode illness. Get when you eat undercooked raccoon or bear. Causes swelling around eyes and bleeding under nails
74
Ascariasis
Nematode illness. 30cm long Worm pops out go anus, mouth, nose, bellybutton Most widespread disease
75
Riverblindness
Nematode illness. 2nd leading cause to blindness
76
Whipworm
Nematode illness. Common and widespread. Children pick up worm
77
Elephanitis
Nematode illness. Rare. Lymph nodes and vessels get blocked causing large limbs

Microbio (16 decks)

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