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Microbio > Chapter 11,21-26 (EXAM 3) > Flashcards

Chapter 11,21-26 (EXAM 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Mycology

A

The study of fungai

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2
Q

What are saprophytes

A

Organism that feeds off of the materials of a dead organism

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3
Q

Fungai vs Bacteria

FUNGAI

A

Eukaryotic
Have sterols in cw
Cw= chitin. glucons, mannon
Have sexual and asexual reproductive spores
Heterotrophic, aerobic, some facultative anaerobic

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4
Q

Fungai vs Bacteria

BACTERIA

A 
Prokaryotic
no sterols in cw, except mysoplasma
cw=peptidoglycan
Have endospores but not for reproduction
Heterotrophic, autotrophic, aerobic, facultative anaerobic
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5
Q

What is budding

A

When a smaller piece, bud, breaks off the parent cell; leaves a budding scar, is unequal division

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6
Q

Describe a unicellular fungi

A

Yeast

Exhibits mold like growth and begins to grow hyphostrands when there’s high carbon dioxide and low temperature

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7
Q

Describe a multicellular fungi

A

Has notable parts:
sporehead-contains spot like spores
aerial hyphae- holds the spores up, stalk like
hyphae-the part thats embedded into the media
vegetative hyphae- absorbs the food from the substrate their sitting on
Mycellium- also known as the thallus, is the body of the fungus

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8
Q

Describe the hyphae

A

Is septet, has crosswalls that separates cells and nuclei free float, or coenocytic, doesn’t have crosswalls but too has free floating nucli
Live in all habitats: soil, water, on a host
Some are facultative anaerobes ( yeast)

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9
Q

candida sporehead

A

arranged in chains

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10
Q

arthrocandia sporehead

A

look like joint fragmants

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11
Q

blastocandida sporehead

A

formed from buds of yeast

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12
Q

chlamydoconidium sporehead

A

thick walled cells within the hyphae

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13
Q

sporangiophores sporehead

A

formed from a sporangium of rhizopus

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14
Q

Asexual vs sexual spores

ASEXUAL

A

Airborne and germinate immediately once they land

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15
Q

Asexual vs sexual spores

SEXUAL

A

Formed by some fungi during times of environmental stress
1.2 strands bind:plasmogony 2.zygote forms 3.karyogamly and mitosis occur 4.zygote produces sporangium 5.spores are released from sporangium 6.spores germinate and produce hyphae

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16
Q

What are the functions of spores

A

They are decomposers, break down already dead material and bring nutrients back to the soil for another to grow
Body yeast live in concert to bacteria on/on our bodies

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17
Q

What infections can fungi cause and why

A

Fungi reproduces only when bacteria levels are low they can cause
thrush ( in mouth ) no taste, white
Volvovaginitis ( In vagina ) itchy, cheesy discharge
Candidavocins ( Skin ) smells in skin folds

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18
Q

Compared to bacteria, what are the advantages of fungi

A

Have more compared to bacteria.
can grow in less water, can grow in more hypertonic environment and in lower pH and can live in soil with less nitrogen
BUT endospores of bacteria are better then fungi’s asexual ones

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19
Q

What is a Ascomyse

A

Have a sac, ascos
Contain penecillin, asperigillus and yeast
Some are anamorphes

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20
Q

What is a basidiomycota

A

Contain mushrooms, refers to a club

One that causes disease is the cryptococus( comes from pigeon droppings, can cause meningitis )

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21
Q

What is a zygomycota

A

contains rhizopus

produce asexually and sexually

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22
Q

What is a mycrospordia

A

were once considered protist
Do not have hyphae, mitochondria or microtubials
Found in chronically ill patients ( AIDS/HIV )
Cause diarrea or cognitive itis

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23
Q

What is the lichen adaptation

A

2 organisms living together in a symbiotic mutualistic relationship
Between a fungus and something that photosynthesizes
fungus provides a foundation for them, sticks to surfaces and absorbes moisture for photosynthetic partner
algae absorbs sunlight and provides food for the fungus
Once each partner gets what they need from the environment, they separate and cannot come back together again

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24
Q

What is the microriosin adaptation

A

Symbiotic mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant root

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25
Q

What is histoplasmosis

A

Comes from the histoplasmosa fungi, highter rates in Mississippi/ohio valley
Ilnness starts at the lungs and spreads to the body systems causing lissions
Obtained from inhalation of spores or digging in the dirt and inhaling that
The spores and fungus is found in the droppings of birds and bats
50 deaths per year, mainly people who live with fungus or are immunocompromised ( AIDS )

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26
Q

What is pheumocytis

A

A common fungi that causes pneumonia like symptoms in AIDS patients
other common fungai infections include: mucor, rhizopus, asperigillus and candida

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27
Q

What is crytococcosis

A

A fungi that grows in pigeon and chicken droppings
cause lung lissions, spread through blood and CNS if inhaled
Diagnosed using a light microscope

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28
Q

What is sporotrichosis

A

Subcutaneous fungi infection that affects gardeners wutg cuts on hands and digging in soil
Can cause blood infections but can be treated with fungicide or potassium iodine solution

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29
Q

What are some cutanous diseases

A

ring worm: caused by fungi, and moisture

Athlete’s foot: caused by fungi in locations where there’s increased amount of human cells and moisture

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30
Q

What are some examples of opportunistic fungi

A

Fungi given the opportunity to proliferate will
Candida albicans: unicellular
Oral candidiasis: thrush

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31
Q

What are protozoa

A

Small animal like organisms that are microscopic and live in moist/watery environments
Eukaryotic, unicellular, chem-heterotrophs and aerobic
L:ive in water environment and most soil
Some go through schizonogy

32
Q

What are the types of Protista

A

Cilliate
Amebae
apicomplexa
Euglena

33
Q

Describe a cilliate

A

Protozoa
Has cilia on the outside that allows it to move through watery environment
Has a pellicle: flexible cw
sytosome: mouth like structure that allows water to go in
food vacuoles: pinches food as it comes in and left over exits through anal pore region

34
Q

Describe a Amebae and its diseases

A

Move by forming psudopods aka fake feet

most are nonpathogenic, the ones that are pathogenic are A.canthamoeba and E.hystolytica

35
Q

What protozoa causes inflammation of the cornea

A

A.canthamoeba

36
Q

What protozoa effects the intestines and breaks up tissue and is gotten from contaminated water

A

E.hystolytica

37
Q

What is a plasmodium

A

A Apicomplexa protozoa
Causes malaria
Causes RBC to rupture, leading to fever, chills and when it gets worse the kidneys fail, ultimately going into the coma
Vector= mosquito

38
Q

What is a taxoplasmigondia

A

causes toxoplasmosis, an apicomplexa protozoa
Fetus is the most vulnerable, can get brain damage or death
Adults can get it from undercooked meats
Defenitive host=cat
intermediate host= mice, cattle and adults

39
Q

Describe a Euglena and its diseases

A

A protozoa type
Photosynthetic organism thats an autotroph or kemoheterotroph ( eats food in the dark )
trypanasoma, leishmaniasis, nagleria, t-vaginalis, giardia lambia, dinoflagellates

40
Q

trypanosome

A

Euglena, 2 types
American version, t-cruzzi, kissing bug. causes inflammation of the heart, colon, esophagus and CNS
African type, tsete fly, sang fly; causes inflammation and people to sleep a lot

41
Q

leishmaniasis

A

Euglena. Leaves a skin session and can heal but if it gets into organ, causes death

42
Q

nagleria

A

Euglena, Proliferates in water where people swim. causes meaning ensafilatis and kills

43
Q

T-vaginalis

A

Euglena. Attaches to the inside or vagina
can get from sitting on toilets, dirty towels, and sexual,
Causes inflammation of urinary tubes and reproductive organs

44
Q

Giardia Lambia

A

Euglena. 30% of daycare kids get from contaminated food or water
Often asymptomatic but can have periodic abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, smelly and greasy fecal

45
Q

dinoflagellates

A

Euglena. Produce neurotoxins that can paralyze and kill fish, marine mammals and rarely humans

46
Q

What is Ricketsia

A

Transmitted via anthropods
Unusual bacteria, gram -, not visible in gram staining
cause spotted fevers

47
Q

What are the types of rickettsia diseases

A

Ricketsia provasekia, Ricketsia typhae, Ricketsia ricketsiai

48
Q

Ricketsia provasekia

A

Causes epidemic typhus
indirect biological vector: Lice dedicate, humans scratch allowing poop to enter wounds
Causes spotted fever, chills, headaches and aches

49
Q

Ricketsia typha

A

Endemic typhus, always present where rats and mice are
Carried by fleas in rodents
Flies bite and gives spotted fever
people can recover from it

50
Q

Ricketsia ricketsiai

A

Transmitted via ticks that cause mountain spotted fever

51
Q

What is Rocky Mountain fever

A

Tick is the vector
Spotted fever that starts at ankles and wrists and spreads
low platelet count and liver enzymes can be abnormal
death in 30% basis

52
Q

How can you treat rickettsia

A

through tetracycline and chlorynfinical

53
Q

What is chlamydiae

A

Unusual bacteria, obligate intercellular parasites

different species have different ways of transmission

54
Q

What are the types of chlamydiae diseases

A

Chlamydiae trechomatis, PID, Chlamydiae psittcci, Chlamydiae pneumonia

55
Q

Chlamydiae trechomatis

A

Sexually transmitted disease
Silent, people can go many years without symptoms and will realize when reproductive structures are damaged
But can also get into other tissues in the body: eye=pink eye
If transmitted reproductively can cause Lymphogranuoloma venerium

56
Q

What is Lymphogranuoloma venerium

A

When Chlamydiae trechomatis is transmitted reproductively
Can lead to ectopic pregnancy
Fallopian tubes will become inflamed and cause blockage
can cause painful burning during urination if it gets into the urinary tract

57
Q

PID

A

Can be caused by many organisms but can be caused due to prolong infections of chlamydiae
Causes pelvis to become enlarged

58
Q

Chlamydiae psittcci

A

Airborne chlamydiae, Type of respiratory pneumonia if inhaled
Causes ornithosis transmitted from domesticated birds

59
Q

Chlamydiae pneumonia

A

Airborne chlamydiae, Type of respiratory pneumonia if inhaled
Causes pneumonia

60
Q

How can chlamydiae be treated

A

With tetracyclines

61
Q

What is mycoplasma

A

Unusual bacteria, found in the early 70’s, confused with viral pneumonia
Only seen with light compound microscope
Grow on horse serum yeast extract media
Fried egg looking colonies, have no cw, outer layer serves as cw and membrane, contains sterols

62
Q

What are the diseases caused by mycoplasma

A

Ureaplasma pneumonia and Ureaplasma urealytica

63
Q

How are mycoplasma treated

A

With tetracyclines

64
Q

What are helminths

A

Parasitic round and flat worms
Eukaryotic and multicellular, few to no symptoms; only their reproductive system is highly developed
Diseases are transmitted via GI tract or FO root

65
Q

What are the types of helminths

A

Platyhelminths, Cestodes, Nematodes

66
Q

Describe a Platyhelminths

A

A flat helminth
Smaller group= trimatode;fluke
Have suckers that allow them to stick to intestines.
There are liver, blood and lung ones, many others

67
Q

What is a schistosomiasis

A

A type of fluke, split body, women lives on bottom reproducing and fertilizing eggs continuously
Man lives at top, using its sucker to attach to host
Is the 2nd to malaria in people killer swimmers itch

68
Q

What is swimmers itch

A

Caused by schistosomiasis
blocks veins in the body causing granulomas to develop
obtained from fecal matter of geese/swan

69
Q

Describe a cestode and its disease

A

A flat helminth, tapeworm
Many species, fish, pork, beef
Get from eating undercooked meats, eating the worm itself or eating the cysticercus
Attach to intestines with hooks and suckers
Easily transmitted though fecal matter
People who have them are asymptomatic with periodic diarrhea
EAT OUR INTESTINAL FOOD, NOT BLOOD OR TISSUE
causes Hyatids disease

70
Q

What is hydatids disease

A

from a cestode
Develops in response to eating larvae, cysts will for and grow, containing gallons of fluids
Form in lungs and liver and bran and can burst=death

71
Q

Describe a nematode and its illnesses

A

Round helminths, have a complete digestive system, common ones are pinworms
flookworms EAT OUR BLOOD AND TISSUE
Illnesses: Trichinellosis, Ascariasis, Riverblindness, Whipworm, Elephanitis

72
Q

What is pica

A

caused by nematodes, people eat weird items because of low iron due to nematodes eating our blood and tissue

73
Q

Trichinellosis

A

Nematode illness. Get when you eat undercooked raccoon or bear.
Causes swelling around eyes and bleeding under nails

74
Q

Ascariasis

A

Nematode illness. 30cm long
Worm pops out go anus, mouth, nose, bellybutton
Most widespread disease

75
Q

Riverblindness

A

Nematode illness. 2nd leading cause to blindness

76
Q

Whipworm

A

Nematode illness. Common and widespread. Children pick up worm

77
Q

Elephanitis

A

Nematode illness. Rare. Lymph nodes and vessels get blocked causing large limbs

Microbio (16 decks)

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