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Microbio > Chapter 15 (EXAM 3) > Flashcards

Chapter 15 (EXAM 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common portal of entry

A

The mucus membrane of the respiratory tract, GI next

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2
Q

Parental root

A

Bacteria introduced by being pushed underneath the skin by needles, bite, surgery or cuts

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3
Q

What are the 3 common pathogenicity factors

A

Attaching: Most common way to get established.attaches to have an environment to eat and reproduce
Circumvention of the host: Goes around the host and hides so it isn’t recognized
Disrupting homeostasis: Can be mild to severe. Can deprive host of nutrients

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4
Q

What are the 4 virulence factors

A

N: # of microorganisms
E: enzymes/protiens
E: External structures
T: Toxins

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5
Q

What are virulence factors

A

The things that contribute to how capable the microorganism is to causing disease

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6
Q

What are the types of enzymes

A

Callogenases, Kinases, Proteases, Invasins

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7
Q

Callogenases

A

Group of enzymes that break down collagen. Can invade skin

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8
Q

Kinases

A

Dissolve blood clots

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9
Q

Proteases

A

Enzymes that break down proteins

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10
Q

Invasins

A

Proteins in charge of invading cells.
Allow microorganisms to attach to the outside and rearrange acting proteins that make up outter portions of cell.
Once they do this they can navigate their ways through the cells

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11
Q

What are the external structures

A

M protien, Mycobacteria, Capsule, Ligands, Opa-protein

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12
Q

M protein

A

Can be found on surface of certain bacteria, allows for attachment and resistance of phagocytosis ( hard to get rid of )

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13
Q

Mycobacteria

A

Not gram - or +.

Have waxy cw, resist being eaten and can grow from within phagocytes agar eat them

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14
Q

Capsule

A

Have adhesions. Are glycoproteins/lipoproteins

Attach to host cell sugars. Found on external structures of bacteria ( cw, fibriae )

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15
Q

Ligands

A

Bacteria attaching and causing a cell to take it in. Indures endocytosis. Biofilm is an example

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16
Q

Opa-Protein

A

Found in ghonnerea, used to attach

17
Q

ID50

A

Infectious dose for 50% of test populations

18
Q

LD50

A

Lethal dose that kill 50% of test populations

19
Q

Endotoxins

A

Unintentionally released
Lipids that are part of the gram - cell wall. Found in extra outter lipid membrane of gram - bacteria
Can be released when gram - bacteria is dying to being released/multiplying from phagocyte
Causes fever, vomitting, diarrhea, can lead to shock
When they multiply macrophages can eat the bacteria causing the release of them & release of chemicals
Can survive autoclaving

20
Q

What happens when a macrophage eats a bacterium

A

Causes endotoxins to be released, and causes the release of chemicals: Interlukin 1

21
Q

What does interlukin 1 do

A

Stimulates more activity int he body to fight infections.
Causes hypothalamus to reset the body temperature which results in fever, hiding iron from bacteria and increases t-cell production and release of transferrin and interferons

22
Q

Exotoxins

A

More lethal than endotoxins
Proteins released from gram + organisms very few gram -
Are intentionally released from cells
Have specific modes of action!!!= neurotoxins(nerves), cartiotoxins (heart), neurotoxins (WBC)
Diffuse through bloodstream and are soluble in water base fluid
Can be used over and over again
Can be destroyed by heat or chemicals

23
Q

What are the 3 types of exotoxins

A

AB exotoxin
Membrane disrupting
Superantigenic

24
Q

AB exotoxin

A

interfere with host cell protein synthesis. A portion interferes while B portion attaches to host cell

25
Q

Membrane disrupting

A

lysis disrupting

26
Q

Superantigenic

A

activate t-cells to release multiple cytokines. Results are similar to gram- endotoxin intoxication and can lead to septic shock. Induces fever from cytokines

27
Q

Antitoxins

A

Immunoglobulin or antibody injections. Preperations of antibodies

28
Q

AB diseases

A

botulism, tetanus, cholera, anthrax, scalded skin syndrome, travelers dire, stomach cancer

29
Q

Superantigen diseases

A

food poising, toxic shock syndrome

30
Q

Membrane disrupting diseases

A

antibiotic associated diarrea, skin and soft tissue infection, gas and food poisoning

31
Q

Endotoxin diseases

A

typhoid fever, UTI, meningococcus meningitis

32
Q

Portals of entry

A 
Respiratory tract
Gastrointestinal tract
Genitourinary tract
Conjunctiva
Parenteral route ( skin )
33
Q

Portals of exit

A

Mucous membrane
Skin
Parenteral route

Microbio (16 decks)

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