Chapter 14 (EXAM 3) Flashcards
Where is the highest amount of microbes on the body
The axillary
What are transient microbs
Bacteria thats on our body for a short period of time, weeks or months
What are the most abundant microbes on our body
Staphylococcus & E.coli
What is symbiosis
When 2 organisms live together and benefit off each other. 3 types: Commernsalism, Parasitism, Mutualism
Describe Commernsalism
1 organism benefits while the other is unaffected
Describe Parasitism
1 organism benefits at the expense of the other
Describe Mutualism
Both organisms benefit
What is cooperation
Plaque on our teeth is biofilm to many organisms, all have the same goal of having a place to live and food to eat
What is Synergism
2 organisms living together, only one provides
What is Antagonistic
When both organisms are competing for a niche
Symptoms
Starts as aches and pains, as the illness progresses, fever and other symptoms associated
Syndrome
Typical signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease.
Makes it easier to determine what’s causing the illness
Communicable disease
moves from host to host ( HIV or TB )
Contagious disease
Easily spread from host to host ( chicken pox )
Noncommunicable disease
not spread from host to host
Incidence
The # of people who developed the disease at a particular time frame; indicates the spread of an illness
Prevalence
of old and new cases in a particular rime indicated length and seriousness of an illness
Sporadic illness
Occasional outbreaks, graph goes up and down
Epidemic
Appears as big bump on graph, large increase of #, a spike
Endemic
Illness is always present in some amount of population ( cold, flu )
Pandemic
Worldwide ( AIDS, Flu )
Duration
How long it will last in the body.
Acute=short lasting ( 1 week )
Chronic infection
Continual, recurrent, develops slowly and lasts for months ( tuberculosis )
Subacute infection
Between acute and chronic one
Latent Illness
Patient has occasional outbreak ( Herpes 1 )
Herd Immunity
When a large # of population do not get an illness, due to some getting vaccines and others not
Host involvement
Local infection is limited ti a particular area ( boils )
Systemic infection
Moves through bloodstream to different body systems
Focal infection
2nd destination of an infection. Strep is in the throat but can get into blood and other tissues
Primary infection
Initial illness
Secondary infection
Not long, caused by opportunistic organism (immunocompromised will get small infections bc their vulnerable)
Subclinical infection
Never develop illness, but have it in their system ( basically a carrier to it )
Sepsis
Inflammation fie to toxins
Septisima
bacteria multiplying in blood stream
bacterimia
presence of bacteria in the blood
toximia
presence of toxins in the blood
viremia
presence of a virus
Incubation period
Time of an illness between the infection and the actual symptoms
Prodromal
When you begin to feel like your coming down with something but is disease specific
What are the predisposing factors of disease
Male or Female
Exposure to the disease
People who are older are more likely to get certain illnesses
Decline
Signs and symptoms of an illness are going down but disease specific
Convalescence
When an individual is regaining their strength and health
Resivior
The continuous source or a particular illness.
Major ones are: soil, water, hospital, healthy to sick people and animals
Carriers
Resivoirs without symptoms
Zoonoses
Illness that involves an animal at some point
Indirect contact
When a person touches on an object and gets the illness
Direct contact
Skin to skin contact ( STD’s )
Droplet transmission
Saliva droplets in air but within 1 meter of person ( flu, pneumonia )
Vehicle transmossion
Being carried through air, water, vehicle, to the host, Greater then 1 meter can get from up to 7 meters away
Mechanical Vector
Type of organism that can carry a germ/virus on any part of its body
Biological vector
2 types
Indirect: insects poop or vomit while biting you. illness in the poop/vomit. You can sick from that entering the bite not from the bite itself
direct: germ introduced in the bite ( malaria )
Host
Person carrying the illness
Definitive host
Carrying the reproducing pathogen, where reproduction occurs
Intermediate host
Carrying some intermediate form of the pathogen (larvae)
Morbitity
Rate of individuals sick with particular notifiable disease
Mortality rate
of individuals that died from the particular disease
Descriptive types
looking forward prospective of the disease
Retrospective
Looking backwards prospective of the disease
Anolitical
Study factors that may have contributed to the transmission
CDC
Center of disease control
WHO
world health organization
NIH
National institute of health
EID
Emerging infectious diseases
New or reimerging diseases
Nonsocomial disease
hospital acquired
Linked to someone at a hospital
Principle sites fro nonsocomial disease
UTI: bedridden people or catheters
Surgery
Lower respiratory: not using lungs bc in bed all the time
Bloodstream: occur bc of being poked and prodded
