Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY > CHAPTER 7 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 7 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

name some risk factors for disease 6

A 
exercise 
diet 
environment 
lifestyle 
genes 
smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a correlation

A

when there is a link between two variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a causal mechanism

A

explains how one factor influences another through biological processes eg smoking leads to cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

main difference between communicable and non communicable diseases

A

you cant pas on non communicable diseases form one person to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is tumour

A

when a cell grows uncontrollably and randomly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a benign tumour

A

it isn’t cancerous but is formed inside membranes so it cant invade other parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why are benign tumours dangerous

A

they can put pressure on organs or other vital parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a malignant tumour

A

a cancerous tumour that can spread around the body and infect other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can a malignant tumour spread

A

cells break off and travel in the bloodstream to other areas of the body and continue growing to cause secondary tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

risk factors of cancer

A 
smoking
obesity
uv exposure 
severe viral
infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is cancer treated

A

radiotherapy

chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is radiotherapy

A

radiation destroys cancer cells to stop them multiplying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

problems with radiotherapy

A

can damage healthy cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is chemotherapy

A

chemicals are used to destroy the cancerous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

drugs found in tobacco 3

A

carbon monoxide
nicotine
tar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why is nicotine so dangerous

A

it gets people addicted to smoking

17
Q

why is carbon monoxide so dangerous

A

it takes up space in rbcs so they cant carry as much oxygen

18
Q

why is it dangerous to smoke whilst pregnant

A

the woman has to supply oxygen to the baby as well, so the baby doesn’t get as much and may not develop properly

19
Q

why is tar so dangerous

A

it destroys alveoli and accumulates in the lungs causing breathlessness

20
Q

how can smoking be dangerous

A

it narrows blood vessels -heart must work harder nicotine makes it work harder gets tired
increased blood pressure

21
Q

what is excess food stored as

A

fat

22
Q

why is exercise so good for you 3

A

you have more muscle = higher metabolism =less food stores as fat and more used for energy
lower cholesterol = less fatty deposits in arteries
heart is fitter =better blood supply

23
Q

complications of fat 2

A

type 2 diabetes

heart disease

24
Q

what is obesity and no exercise a risk factor for

A

type 2 diabetes

25
Q

what part of your body filters alcohol from the blood

A

liver

26
Q

disease related to alcohol

A

cirrhosis of the liver - damaged liver cells cant do their job
liver cancer - alcohol is a carcinogen brain damage

27
Q

why can alcohol cause brain damage

A

it diffuses easily into the brain and affects bodily functions

28
Q

what is a carcinogen

A

something that increases your risk of getting cancer

29
Q

why is it dangerous to drink alcohol during pregnancy

A

it passes to the baby but the developing liver cant cope with it so the development of the baby is affected

30
Q

name 3 carcinogens

A

smoking
alcohol
ionising radiation

31
Q

how is ionising radiation a carcinogen

A

the radiation penetrates into your cells affecting function and causing mutations

32
Q

sources of ionising radiation 4

A 
the sun
x rays 
accidents in nuclear power plants 
in some areas it can be found in the soil
such as radon gas in cornwall
33
Q

how can tar cause lung cancers

A

it breaks down the alveoli in the delicate tissue

reduces sa to volume ratio of lungs which leads to breathlessness and death

34
Q

what is cirrhosis of the liver

A

a disease that destroys live tissue
replaces scar tissue
cant function properly

35
Q

what is a lifestyle factor

A

behavioural and social issues that impact on health

BIOLOGY (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions