CHAPTER 3

Question 1

What happens when a cell differentiates

Answer 1

it becomes specialised to carry out a particular job

Question 2

what is a tissue

Answer 2

a group of cells working together for a similar function

Question 3

what does muscular tissue do

Answer 3

contracts to move substances

Question 4

function of glandular tissue

Answer 4

releases substances like enzymes and hormones

Question 5

what is an organ

Answer 5

a collection of tissues working to perform a specific function

Question 6

what does epithelial tissue do

Answer 6

covers inside and outside of organs

Question 7

what does the pancreas do

Answer 7

releases hormones to control the blood sugar

releases enzymes to digest food

Question 8

what is an organ system

Answer 8

groups of organs working together to perform a specific function

Question 9

where are the main organs where food is digested

Answer 9

stomach and small intestine

Question 10

what is the function of the small intestine

Answer 10

where soluble food molecules are absorbed into the blood

Question 11

how is the small intestine adapted

Answer 11

large sa
rich blood supply
short diffusion distance to blood vessels

Question 12

function of large intestine

Answer 12

water is absorbed from undigested food into blood

Question 13

function of liver

Answer 13

produces bile to digest lipids

Question 14

what are carbohydrates made of

Answer 14

units of sugar carbon and oxygen

Question 15

formula of glucose

Answer 15

C6 H12 O6

Question 16

what are lipids

Answer 16

lipids are fat in solids and oils as liquids

Question 17

what are lipids made from

Answer 17

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 18

what is protein used for

Answer 18

growth

Question 19

what are carbohydrates used for

Answer 19

energy

Question 20

what are lipids used for

Answer 20

energy and insulation

Question 21

what are proteins made from

Answer 21

amino acids

Question 22

what chemical is used to test for sugars

Answer 22

benedicts solution

Question 23

what colour does benedicts solution turn if there is sugar

Answer 23

brick red

Question 24

what is used to test for carbohydrates

Answer 24

iodine

Question 25

what colour does iodine turn on presence of starch

Answer 25

blue black

Question 26

what chemical is used to test for lipids

Answer 26

ethanol

Question 27

what chemical is used to test for proteins

Answer 27

biurets solution

Question 28

what colour does biurets turn in protein

Answer 28

purple

Question 29

what happens when a protein denatures

Answer 29

temperature is too high and shape changes so cant carry out job

Question 30

jobs of proteins

Answer 30

acts as ; enzymes antibodies hormones

Question 31

what is a catalyst

Answer 31

speeds up a reaction without being affected

Question 32

what is an enzyme

Answer 32

a biological catalyst

Question 33

how do enzymes work lock and key theory

Answer 33

the active site of an enzyme binds to the substrate

Question 34

what is a persons metabolism

Answer 34

the speed of reaction in the body

Question 35

what is an enzymes activity affected by

Answer 35

temperature and pH

Question 36

what happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too high

Answer 36

denatures

Question 37

what is different about the digestive enzymes

Answer 37

work outside cells

Question 38

what enzyme breaks down carbohydrates

Answer 38

amylase

Question 39

where is amylase found

Answer 39

salivary glands pancreas small intestine

Question 40

what enzyme catalysts breakdown of proteins

Answer 40

protease

Question 41

what enzyme catalysts breakdown of fats

Answer 41

lipase

Question 42

where is lipase found

Answer 42

pancreas and small intestine

Question 43

what does digestion involve

Answer 43

breakdown of large insoluble molecules into soluble substances

Question 44

what is bile used for

Answer 44

turns acidic mixture in stomach into alkaline for small intestine

Question 45

what are the functions of bile

Answer 45

change ph | breakdown emulsify fats

Question 46

why is bile key in digestion of fats

Answer 46

emulsifies so there is a larger sa for lipase enzyme to act upon

Question 47

where is bile stored

Answer 47

gall bladder

Question 48

what is produced when carbohydrates are broken down

Answer 48

sugars

Question 49

what is produced when lipids are broken down

Answer 49

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 50

what is produced when proteins are broken down

Answer 50

amino acids

Question 51

what is an enzyme made from

Answer 51

protein

Question 52

why do enzymes only catalyse one sort of reaction

Answer 52

they have a specific active site

Question 53

what are three jobs that enzymes do to control metabolism

Answer 53

build large molecules from small ones eg making starch from glucose changing one molecule into another

Question 54

optimum temperature for catalysts

Answer 54

37 degrees (human body~#0

Question 55

where is bile made

Answer 55

liver

Question 56

what are proteins used for in the body

Answer 56

building up cells and tissues of body | act as basis of all enzymes

Question 57

function of salivary glands

Answer 57

produce amylase in salavia

Question 58

function of gall bladder

Answer 58

store bile to release into small intestine

Question 59

function of rectum

Answer 59

where faeces are stored before exrection

Question 60

where are enzymes produced

Answer 60

glands

Question 61

what enzymes catalyses breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

Answer 61

catalase

Question 62

what is a solution of amino acids colourless

Answer 62

there are soluble