CHAPTER 3 Flashcards
What happens when a cell differentiates
it becomes specialised to carry out a particular job
what is a tissue
a group of cells working together for a similar function
what does muscular tissue do
contracts to move substances
function of glandular tissue
releases substances like enzymes and hormones
what is an organ
a collection of tissues working to perform a specific function
what does epithelial tissue do
covers inside and outside of organs
what does the pancreas do
releases hormones to control the blood sugar
releases enzymes to digest food
what is an organ system
groups of organs working together to perform a specific function
where are the main organs where food is digested
stomach and small intestine
what is the function of the small intestine
where soluble food molecules are absorbed into the blood
how is the small intestine adapted
large sa
rich blood supply
short diffusion distance to blood vessels
function of large intestine
water is absorbed from undigested food into blood
function of liver
produces bile to digest lipids
what are carbohydrates made of
units of sugar carbon and oxygen
formula of glucose
C6 H12 O6
what are lipids
lipids are fat in solids and oils as liquids
what are lipids made from
glycerol and fatty acids
what is protein used for
growth
what are carbohydrates used for
energy
what are lipids used for
energy and insulation
what are proteins made from
amino acids
what chemical is used to test for sugars
benedicts solution
what colour does benedicts solution turn if there is sugar
brick red
what is used to test for carbohydrates
iodine
what colour does iodine turn on presence of starch
blue black
what chemical is used to test for lipids
ethanol
what chemical is used to test for proteins
biurets solution
what colour does biurets turn in protein
purple
what happens when a protein denatures
temperature is too high and shape changes so cant carry out job
jobs of proteins
acts as ; enzymes antibodies hormones
what is a catalyst
speeds up a reaction without being affected
what is an enzyme
a biological catalyst
how do enzymes work lock and key theory
the active site of an enzyme binds to the substrate
what is a persons metabolism
the speed of reaction in the body
what is an enzymes activity affected by
temperature and pH
what happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too high
denatures
what is different about the digestive enzymes
work outside cells
what enzyme breaks down carbohydrates
amylase
where is amylase found
salivary glands pancreas small intestine
what enzyme catalysts breakdown of proteins
protease
what enzyme catalysts breakdown of fats
lipase
where is lipase found
pancreas and small intestine
what does digestion involve
breakdown of large insoluble molecules into soluble substances
what is bile used for
turns acidic mixture in stomach into alkaline for small intestine
what are the functions of bile
change ph
breakdown emulsify fats
why is bile key in digestion of fats
emulsifies so there is a larger sa for lipase enzyme to act upon
where is bile stored
gall bladder
what is produced when carbohydrates are broken down
sugars
what is produced when lipids are broken down
glycerol and fatty acids
what is produced when proteins are broken down
amino acids
what is an enzyme made from
protein
why do enzymes only catalyse one sort of reaction
they have a specific active site
what are three jobs that enzymes do to control metabolism
build large molecules from small ones eg making starch from glucose changing one molecule into another
optimum temperature for catalysts
37 degrees (human body~#0
where is bile made
liver
what are proteins used for in the body
building up cells and tissues of body
act as basis of all enzymes
function of salivary glands
produce amylase in salavia
function of gall bladder
store bile to release into small intestine
function of rectum
where faeces are stored before exrection
where are enzymes produced
glands
what enzymes catalyses breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
catalase
what is a solution of amino acids colourless
there are soluble
