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BIOLOGY > CHAPTER 3 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What happens when a cell differentiates

A

it becomes specialised to carry out a particular job

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2
Q

what is a tissue

A

a group of cells working together for a similar function

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3
Q

what does muscular tissue do

A

contracts to move substances

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4
Q

function of glandular tissue

A

releases substances like enzymes and hormones

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5
Q

what is an organ

A

a collection of tissues working to perform a specific function

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6
Q

what does epithelial tissue do

A

covers inside and outside of organs

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7
Q

what does the pancreas do

A

releases hormones to control the blood sugar

releases enzymes to digest food

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8
Q

what is an organ system

A

groups of organs working together to perform a specific function

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9
Q

where are the main organs where food is digested

A

stomach and small intestine

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10
Q

what is the function of the small intestine

A

where soluble food molecules are absorbed into the blood

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11
Q

how is the small intestine adapted

A

large sa
rich blood supply
short diffusion distance to blood vessels

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12
Q

function of large intestine

A

water is absorbed from undigested food into blood

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13
Q

function of liver

A

produces bile to digest lipids

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14
Q

what are carbohydrates made of

A

units of sugar carbon and oxygen

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15
Q

formula of glucose

A

C6 H12 O6

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16
Q

what are lipids

A

lipids are fat in solids and oils as liquids

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17
Q

what are lipids made from

A

glycerol and fatty acids

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18
Q

what is protein used for

A

growth

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19
Q

what are carbohydrates used for

A

energy

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20
Q

what are lipids used for

A

energy and insulation

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21
Q

what are proteins made from

A

amino acids

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22
Q

what chemical is used to test for sugars

A

benedicts solution

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23
Q

what colour does benedicts solution turn if there is sugar

A

brick red

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24
Q

what is used to test for carbohydrates

A

iodine

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25
Q

what colour does iodine turn on presence of starch

A

blue black

26
Q

what chemical is used to test for lipids

A

ethanol

27
Q

what chemical is used to test for proteins

A

biurets solution

28
Q

what colour does biurets turn in protein

A

purple

29
Q

what happens when a protein denatures

A

temperature is too high and shape changes so cant carry out job

30
Q

jobs of proteins

A

acts as ; enzymes antibodies hormones

31
Q

what is a catalyst

A

speeds up a reaction without being affected

32
Q

what is an enzyme

A

a biological catalyst

33
Q

how do enzymes work lock and key theory

A

the active site of an enzyme binds to the substrate

34
Q

what is a persons metabolism

A

the speed of reaction in the body

35
Q

what is an enzymes activity affected by

A

temperature and pH

36
Q

what happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too high

A

denatures

37
Q

what is different about the digestive enzymes

A

work outside cells

38
Q

what enzyme breaks down carbohydrates

A

amylase

39
Q

where is amylase found

A

salivary glands pancreas small intestine

40
Q

what enzyme catalysts breakdown of proteins

A

protease

41
Q

what enzyme catalysts breakdown of fats

A

lipase

42
Q

where is lipase found

A

pancreas and small intestine

43
Q

what does digestion involve

A

breakdown of large insoluble molecules into soluble substances

44
Q

what is bile used for

A

turns acidic mixture in stomach into alkaline for small intestine

45
Q

what are the functions of bile

A

change ph

breakdown emulsify fats

46
Q

why is bile key in digestion of fats

A

emulsifies so there is a larger sa for lipase enzyme to act upon

47
Q

where is bile stored

A

gall bladder

48
Q

what is produced when carbohydrates are broken down

A

sugars

49
Q

what is produced when lipids are broken down

A

glycerol and fatty acids

50
Q

what is produced when proteins are broken down

A

amino acids

51
Q

what is an enzyme made from

A

protein

52
Q

why do enzymes only catalyse one sort of reaction

A

they have a specific active site

53
Q

what are three jobs that enzymes do to control metabolism

A

build large molecules from small ones eg making starch from glucose changing one molecule into another

54
Q

optimum temperature for catalysts

A

37 degrees (human body~#0

55
Q

where is bile made

A

liver

56
Q

what are proteins used for in the body

A

building up cells and tissues of body

act as basis of all enzymes

57
Q

function of salivary glands

A

produce amylase in salavia

58
Q

function of gall bladder

A

store bile to release into small intestine

59
Q

function of rectum

A

where faeces are stored before exrection

60
Q

where are enzymes produced

A

glands

61
Q

what enzymes catalyses breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

A

catalase

62
Q

what is a solution of amino acids colourless

A

there are soluble

BIOLOGY (19 decks)

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